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Objective: To evaluate the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and ganglion cell--inner plexiform layer thickness (GC--IPL) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) by sector and quadrant. Materials and Methods: Seventy-eight eyes of 39 patients with MS and 82 eyes of 41 healthy participants were analyzed using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Our study defined MS eyes with optic neuritis (ON) as MS ON eyes and those without ON as MS non-ON eyes. Comparisons of the GC-- IPL and pRNFL thicknesses were assessed and the measurements compared with healthy controls (HCs). Results: The comparison of the average and three quadrants (superior, inferior, and temporal) measurements of the pRNFL thickness and the average and six quadrant measurements of the GC--IPL thickness between the MS ON eyes and the MS non-ON eyes revealed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). The average and four quadrants thickness of pRNFL and the average and six quadrants thickness of GC--IPL were significantly reduced in a comparison of MS ON vs. HC with MS non-ON vs. HC eyes (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The evaluation of pRNFL and GC--IPL thicknesses in MS ON and MS non-ON eyes may be beneficial in determining the central nervous system axonal integrity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of optic nerve sheath fenestration (ONSF) on visual functions in patients with increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Materials and Methods: The medical records of 24 eyes of 17 patients who had ICP due to idiopathic intracranial hypertension, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, or intracranial cyst and underwent ONSF surgery to prevent visual loss were evaluated. Pre- and postoperative visual acuity, optic disc images, and visual field findings were reviewed. Results: The mean age of the patients was 30.4±8.5 years, and 88.2% were female. The patients' mean body mass index was 28.67±6.1 kg/m². The mean follow-up time was 24±12.1 months (range: 3-44). At postoperative 3 months, the mean best-corrected distance visual acuity had improved in 20 eyes (83.3%) and stabilized in 4 eyes (16.7%) compared to preoperative values. In visual field mean deviation, an improvement was observed in 10 eyes (90.9%), while 1 eye (9.1%) eye remained stable. Optic disc edema decreased in all patients. Conclusion: This study indicates that ONSF has beneficial effects on visual function in patients with rapidly progressive visual loss caused by increased intracranial pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the demographic characteristics, clinical findings, and treatment approach of patients with sympathetic ophthalmia (SO). Materials and Methods: The records of 14 patients with SO between 2000 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients' Snellen best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), detailed ophthalmological examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT), enhanced depth imaging-OCT (EDI-OCT), fundus fluorescein angiography findings, and treatment approaches were recorded. Results: The study included the 14 sympathizing eyes of 14 patients with SO (7 female, 7 male). The mean age was 48.5±15.4 years (range: 28-75), and the mean follow-up duration was 55.1±48.7 months (range: 6-204). Ten patients (71%) had a history of ocular trauma and 4 (29%) had a history of ocular surgery. The time to symptom onset in the sympathizing eye after trauma or ocular surgery ranged from 15 days to 60 years. The most common posterior segment findings were optic disc edema (36%) and exudative retinal detachment (36%). In the acute period, the mean choroidal thickness value on EDI-OCT was 716.5±63.6 p.m (range: 635-772) and decreased to 296±81.6 p.m (range: 240-415) after treatment. Treatment with high-dose systemic corticosteroid was given to 8 patients (57%), azathioprine (AZA) to 7 (50%), AZA and cyclosporine-A combination to 7 (50%), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors to 3 patients (21%). Recurrence was observed in 4 patients (29%) during follow-up. At last follow-up, BCVA values were better than 20/50 in 11 (79%) of the sympathizing eyes. Remission was achieved in 13 patients (93%), but 1 patient (7%) lost her vision due to acute retinal necrosis. Conclusion: SO is a bilateral inflammatory disease that presents with granulomatous panuveitis after ocular trauma or surgery. Favorable functional and anatomical results can be obtained with early diagnosis and initiation of appropriate treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the etiological factors, diagnosis, follow-up and treatment procedures in cases of orbital cellulitis. Material and Method: A retrospective review was performed on medical records of patients with orbital cellulitis treated between 2009 and 2011 in our clinic. The patients were studied for age, ophthalmologic examination features, laboratory and radiology results, treatment modalities and the response to these treatments. Results: Eleven patients (7 male, 4 female) having an average age of 9.7 years (6 months-25 years) participated in the study. All patients had eyelid oedema, hyperemia and ocular pain; with chemosis in 3, gaze restriction in 6, relative afferent pupillary defect and proptosis in 4 cases. Orbital cellulitis was observed to occur secondary to paranasal sinusitis in 10 patients (90.9%) and 1 patient had only history of superior respiratory tract infection. Sinus infection was localized in ethmoid and maxillary sinuses in all except one case. Laboratory tests showed leukocytosis in 8 patients. Surgical drainage was performed in 7 of 8 patients with abscess formation observed with radiological imaging. The remainder of the patients were followed with sole medical treatment. All patients recovered without any vision loss or life-threatening complication. Discussion: Orbital cellulitis cases must be followed with radiologic imaging for any complication that may occur and patients with abscess should be evaluated for surgical drainage besides antimicrobial treatment.(Turk J Ophthalmol 2012; 42: 284-7) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sub-inner limiting membrane (ILM) hemorrhage is a rare presenting feature of dengue maculopathy. A 24-year-old man in active military service who was recently treated for dengue hemorrhagic fever presented with sub-ILM bleeding in right eye (dominant eye) with profound diminution of vision. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography and fundus fluorescein angiography confirmed sub- ILM hemorrhage with no evidence of vasculitis/venous occlusion or neovascularization. He refused active surgical management by pars plana vitrectomy and was treated with pneumatic tamponade of C3F8 (100%) gas with prone positioning in order to achieve faster visual recovery. He responded well to treatment with complete visual recovery in 1 week. This case report documents for the first time treatment of sub-ILM hemorrhage in the premacular area with pneumatic tamponade in prone position leading to rapid and complete visual recovery in a patient with dengue maculopathy. This novel approach can be employed for patients who are ineligible for more active surgical management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]