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Objective: To evaluate the relationship between smoking status and clinicopathological characteristics and oncological outcome in bladder cancer (BC) patients and those with concomitant BC and lung cancer (LC) who developed BC or LC as a second primary cancer during their survivorship. Materials and Methods: A total of 2621 BC patients registered in the Turkish Urooncology Association Bladder Cancer Database between 2001 and 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups: those with BC only (BC group, n=2568) and those with concomitant BC and LC (BLC group, n=53). Data on patient demographics and smoking status (active smoker, former smoker, non-smoker) were recorded, as were the clinicopathological characteristics and oncological outcomes with respect to smoking status. Results: Active smokers comprised 50.5% and 49.1% of patients in the BC and BLC groups, respectively. The percentage of former smokers was 14.3% and 13.2% and percentage of non-smokers was 31.4% and 18.9% in the BC and BLC groups, respectively. In both BC and BLC groups, a higher percentage of males than females were active smokers (45.8% vs. 4.6% in BC and 47.2% vs. 1.9% in BLC). In the BLC group, the percentages of active smokers, former smokers and non-smokers in the BC first group were 56.0%, 24.0% and 20.0%, respectively, whereas the corresponding ratios in the LC first group were 50.0%, 8.3%, and 41.7%, respectively. The presence of smoking (active or former) vs. non-smoker status was associated with more advanced clinicopathological characteristics and poor oncological outcomes in both BC and BCL groups. Conclusions: This population-based registry study in patients with BC revealed the presence of smoking history (active or former) in almost two-thirds of patients in both BC and BLC groups, which was associated with more advanced clinicopathological characteristics and poor oncological outcomes in both BC and BCL groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this study, the aim was to evaluate the effect of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and criteria on the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) in patients with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value of 2.5-4 ng/mL. Materials and Methods: A total of 116 patients who underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy between January 2016- June 2018 with a PSA value of 2.5-4 ng/mL were included in the study. Patient height, body weight, waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure were measured and body mass indexes were calculated. Blood samples were also collected and tested for fasting and postprandial blood glucose, along with lipid profiles. Patients were divided into two groups as those with and without PCa. The presence of MetS was evaluated according to the measurements and laboratory results. Results: Patients were divided into two groups as those without PCa (n=101) and those with PCa (n=15). A significant difference was found between the groups in terms of the frequency of hypertension (p=0.024). There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of other demographic characteristics. There was a significant difference between the groups in terms of hypertension, a criterion for MetS. The presence of MetS and other MetS criteria (WC >102 cm, triglyceride ≥150 mg/dL, high density lipoprotein <40 mg/dL, fasting blood glucose ≥110 mg/dL or type 2 diabetes mellitus) was not associated with PCa in patients with PSA levels of 2.5-4 ng/mL. Conclusions: Among the MetS criteria, there was only a positive relationship between hypertension and PCa in patients with PSA 2.5-4 ng/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, immunotherapy has become an important treatment alternative in the treatment of many cancers. Research on immunotherapy in prostate cancer has been accelerated by obtaining Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of sipuleucel-T for asymptomatic or minimal symptomatic metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Despite all these developments, the patients in whom these agents should be used, sequential use and combination strategies remain unclear. In this review, mechanisms of action and survival outcomes of different immunotherapeutic agents and therapeutic cancer vaccines in mCRPC are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanomedicine is a branch of nanotechnology that includes the development of nanostructures and nanoanalytical systems for various medical applications. The rapid development of nanomedicine offers new possibilities in cancer diagnosis and treatment. New therapeutic strategies in cancer research using nanoparticles are being developed in order to improve the specificity and efficacy of drug delivery, thus reaching maximal effectiveness with minimal side effects. Due to its selective overexpression in prostate cancer (PCa), prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has been recognized as a highly promising target for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. This review provides an update on the PSMA-based nanomedicine applications in PCa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrocele rupture is a rarely seen situation in clinical practice. Due to the limited number of cases in the literature, management of hydrocele rupture is controversial. A 34-year-old male patient with a history of untreated idiopathic 10x9 cm right hydrocele for one year was admitted to the emergency department with the complaints of right hemiscrotal pain and ecchymosis after a sexual intercourse. In this paper, we present our approach to a patient with hydrocele rupture developing during sexual intercourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this study we evaluated the effects of prior history of prostate biopsy on pain scores of patients who underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-PBx). Materials and Methods: Between October 2014 and April 2015, 198 patients who underwent primary or repeat prostate biopsy with abnormal digital rectal examination findings, high prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels (≥2.5 ng/mL) or suspicious lesions for prostate cancer in prior biopsies were included in the study. Before the biopsy procedure, all patients underwent transperineal periprostatic block with 10 mL of 2% prilocaine. A 10-point linear visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess the pain arising from probe insertion (VAS-1) and prostate sampling (VAS-2). Patients were separated into two groups: Patients without a prior prostate biopsy were enrolled in group 1 and the patients with history of prostate biopsy were enrolled in group 2. Results: The mean age of the patients was 64±7.3 years, and the mean PSA value was 12.5±18.3 ng/dL. Prostate cancer detection rate was 22.7%. There were 173 patients in group 1 and 25 patients in group 2. VAS-1 scores were comparable between the groups (1.7±2.0 vs. 1.7±1.8; p=0.957). VAS-2 score was lower in group 2 than group 1's (2.0±2.3 vs. 2.6±2.4); however, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.290). Conclusion: Prior prostate biopsy experience does not affect the pain scores during TRUS-PBx. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: In this study, we assessed the relationship between pain scores and the pathology results of patients who underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-PBx). Materials and Methods: A total of 198 patients who underwent prostate biopsy between October 2014 and April 2015 due to abnormal digital rectal examination findings and/or high prostatespecific antigen (PSA) levels (=2.5 ng/dL) were included in this study. Before the biopsy procedure, all patients underwent finger-guided transperineal periprostatic block with 10 mL of 2% prilocaine. A 10-point linear visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess the pain arising from probe insertion (VAS-1) and prostate sampling (VAS-2). After receiving the pathology results, the patients were grouped according to the presence of prostate cancer: Group 1: patients without prostate cancer and Group 2: patients with prostate cancer. Results: The mean age of the patients was 64±7.3 (43-83) years, and the mean PSA value was 12.5±18.3 (0.6-142) ng/dL. Prostate cancer detection rate was 22.7%. The mean VAS-1 score in Group 1 and group 2 was 1.6±1.8 and 2.0±2.5, respectively (p=0.209). The mean VAS-2 score in Group 1 and Group 2 was 2.5±2.4 and 2.6±2.6, respectively (p=0,725). Conclusion: The pain felt during TRUS-PBx is not related with the presence of prostate cancer on biopsy pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Üroonkoloji Bülteni is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the clinical and pathological outcomes of the patients with complex renal cysts managed surgically. Materials and Methods: Records of 108 patients with Bosniak type III and IV cystic renal masses managed with partial or radical nephrectomy between 2008 and 2014 were reviewed. Renal cysts were classified according to Bosniak classification system by using the preoperative computed tomography (CT) images. The pathology results of the operated complex renal cysts were analyzed and the clinical data of malignant and benign cystic renal masses were compared. Results: A hundred and eight patients were operated for complicated renal cysts and 98 patients whose clinical data could be obtained were included in the study. The mean age was 57.3±12.3 (27-82) years and the mean cyst size was 6.6±3.6 cm (2-28 cm), 53 (54%) patients were males and 54 (55.1%) cysts were on the left side. According to the preoperative evaluation of cysts; 21 (21.4%) cysts were diagnosed as Bosniak type III cysts and 77 (78.6%) cysts were diagnosed as Bosniak type IV. Of the 98 patients, 74 were asymptomatic and the most common symptom was flank pain (16.3%). Malign cyst was diagnosed in 76 patients (77.6%). Malignancy rates were 52.4% and 83.1% in Bosniak type III and type IV cysts, respectively. Of the 76 malign cysts 54% showed clear cell renal carcinoma. Of the 22 benign tumors 50% were benign cyst and 27.3% showed angiomyolipoma. Of the 68 renal cell carcinomas 36.8% was in T1a stage and 62.5% were Fuhrman grade 2. Risk factors for the malignancy potential of the complex renal cysts were advanced age, higher cyst size, male gender and higher Bosniak score. Conclusion: Big-sized cystic renal masses especially in male patients with advanced age should be considered for malignancy and surgical management should be kept in the forefront. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Urological Surgery is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With a widely usage of prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing as a screening tool, number of prostate biopsy procedures and number of biopsy cores are increased because of the negative pathology results. As a result of this condition, incidental pathological findings including the prostate and/or the seminal vesicles were encountered. Seminal vesicle amyloidosis is one of these incidental results. In this study we aimed to present a patient with amyloidosis of the seminal vesicles which was found on transrectal ultrasound guided prostatic biopsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prostate small cell carcinoma is a rare and aggressive tumor. They can be distinguished from classic prostate adenocarcinoma by features such as lack of prostate-specific antigen secretion, failure to respond to androgen suppression therapy, osteolytic bone lesions, and visceral metastasis. Herein, we present a case of previously diagnosed prostate adenocarcinoma that transformed to prostate small cell carcinoma, together with a discussion of the current literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]