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Copyright of Journal of Behcet Uz Children's Hospital is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: Kidney transplantation is the most preferred long-term treatment of children with end stage renal disease since 1954. Graft dysfunction has been divided into three categories based on timing of presentation. In this article, we aim to present the etiologic factors of acute graft dysfunction in the first year of renal transplantation in children. Materials and Methods: The patients, diagnosed with acute allograft dysfunction in first year of kidney transplantation, in University of Health Sciences Turkey, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital between March 2005 and October 2017 were analyzed prospectively in this study. Results: Over the 15 year period, 56 pediatric renal allograft patients were followed in University of Health Sciences Turkey, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital. During this period, 25 patients had diagnosed with early allograft dysfunction. Five patients were admitted two times in a year with allograft dysfunction. The mean age of patients was 12.6 (4.0±21.0) years, with a male and female ratio of 17:8. Delayed graft function was occurred in four patients (16%). Among 25 renal allograft recipients showed early graft dysfunction on average of 4.2 months (1-10 months) after transplantation. The etiology of early graft dysfunction showed 10% immunologic diseases and 90% non-immunologic factors. Five patients (16.7%) diagnosed with urinary tract infection, one patient (3.3%) diagnosed with cytomegalovirus nephropathy, five patients (16.7%) diagnosed with BK nephropathy, eight patients (26.7%) diagnosed with acute cyclosporine toxicity, seven patients (23.3%) were diagnosed with dehydration and one patient (3.3%) diagnosed with urologic anomalies. Twelve patients had performed renal allograft biopsy. The histological findings were consistent with T-cell mediated rejection in two patients; B-cell mediated rejection in one patient and viral nephropathy in five patients. Non-specific histological findings were determined in five patients. Conclusion: Early recognition of the etiology of graft dysfunction that develops at 1 year and appropriate treatment will contribute to the preservation of long-term graft dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

46,XY pure gonadal dysgenesis (Swyer syndrome) is characterized by normal female genitalia at birth. It usually first becomes apparent in adolescence with delayed puberty and amenorrhea. Rarely, patients can present with spontaneous breast development and/or menstruation. A fifteen-yearold girl presented to our clinic with the complaint of primary amenorrhea. On physical examination, her external genitals were completely female. Breast development and pubic hair were compatible with Tanner stage V. Hormonal evaluation revealed a hypergonadotropic state despite a normal estrogen level. Chromosome analysis revealed a 46,XY karyotype. Pelvic ultrasonography showed small gonads and a normal sized uterus for age. SRY gene expression was confirmed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Direct sequencing on genomic DNA did not reveal a mutation in the SRY, SF1 and WT1 genes. After the diagnosis of Swyer syndrome was made, the patient started to have spontaneous menstrual cycles and therefore failed to attend her follow-up visits. After nine months, the patient underwent diagnostic laparoscopy. Frozen examination of multiple biopsies from gonad tissues revealed gonadoblastoma. With this report, we emphasize the importance of performing karyotype analysis, which is diagnostic for Swyer syndrome, in all cases with primary or secondary amenorrhea even in the presence of normal breast development. We also suggest that normal pubertal development in patients with Swyer syndrome may be associated with the presence of a hormonally active tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome (RHS) was first described by J.Ramsay Hunt in 1907. Ramsay Hunt Syndrome-also known as Herpes Zoster Oticus-consists of facial paralysis accompanied by the presence of erythematous vesicles on ear and/or oral mucosa and otalgia. This syndrome is most common in adults and older children and very rare in young children. Affected children display milder symptoms relative to adults. Following the primary infection, Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) becomes latent in the cells of the sensory ganglia and a reactivation associated with supressed cell-mediated immunity may occur after a period of time, resulting in RHS. Although subfebrile fever and chickenpox-like rash can develop related to Varicella vaccine, the risk of RHS is extremely rare after immunization. It has been reported that the microorganism introduced into the body by means of live attenuated varicella vaccine becomes activated and causes varicella especially in immunocompromised patients. Following receipt of varicella vaccine, RHS has been also reported to occur rarely. We, herein, report the case of 13-montli-old female patient with infantile nephrotic syndrome who developed RHS after lier immunization with with varicella, and other live vaccines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Percutaneous nephrostomy is a well-known therapy for urinary drainage in patients with supravesical urinary tract obstruction. This procedure which was firstly applied by Goodwin et al in 1955 is known to be performed in patients with various urologie problems for many years, especially in adults. Percutaneous nephrostomy has generally been performed by urologists or interventional radiologists and it is recognized as a difficult procedure to apply, especially in the neonatal period. As discussed in this neonatal case, PN have a very effective role in the diagnosis and management of neonatal hydronephrosis, even it might be a life-saving procedure which can also be performed by an experienced pediatric ncphrologist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Dr. Behcet Uz Children's Hospital is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)