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Objective: To compare the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness and macular volume in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), and healthy controls. Materials and Methods: This study used spectral domain-optical coherence tomography to measure pRNFL and the volume of retinal layers at the macula. Forty patients with MS or NMOSD and 19 healthy controls were enrolled. Results: After at least one clinical episode of optic neuritis, the average pRNFL for NMOSD [60 µm (34-105)] and patients with MS [85 µm (41-109)] were lower than in healthy controls [99 µm (88-109)], and patients with NMOSD had significantly lower pRNFL compared with patients with MS (p=0.002). Foveal volume did not differ between optic neuritis eyes of patients with NMOSD and MS (NMOSD 1.18±0.3 mm3, MS 1.82±2.07 mm3). The mean pRNFL values in seronegative NMOSD eyes [58 µm (range, 47-111)] tended to be thinner compared with seropositive NMOSD eyes [76 µm (range, 42-105)]. This finding was not considered to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Our study revealed that both foveal (area in a 1.5 mm ETDRS ring) and total macular volume (area in a 6 mm ETDRS ring) were lower in both patients with MS and NMOSD compared with healthy controls. Optic neuritis of NMOSD is associated with a thinner average RNFL compared with MS, suggesting earlier axonal injury in the affected optic nerves.

A woman with Bietti’s crystalline dystrophy (BCD) was first examined when she was 27 years of age and has been followed for 10 more years. The disease course was monitored initially with spectral domain-optical coherence tomography and then with swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). OCTA analysis showed that choroidal vessels could be visualized at the outer retinal layer segmentation due to retinal pigment epithelial atrophy and blood flow was reduced at the level of choroidal segmentation. OCTA can play a major role in the follow-up of BCD patients by analyzing changes in choroidal flow.