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Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency and results of congenital heart defects (CHD) in multipl pregnancies by fetal echocardiography. Among these, to evaluate critical congenital heart diseases such as hypoplastic left heart syndrome, interrupted aorta, and pulmonary atresia etc that require care in a tertiary center. Method: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in pregnant women who admitted for fetal echocardiography. The data of the pregnancy were obtained retrospectively from the hospital records. A total of 9,440 pregnant women were enrolled in this study between January 2016 and September 2019. Two hundred and forty-one of them were multiple pregnancies (232 twins, 7 triplets and 2 quadruplets). Results: Congenital heart disease rate was 4.31% in singleton pregnancies and 8.7% in multiple pregnancies. The prevalence of CHD was significantly higher in multipl pregnancies (p=0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups with respect to rate of critical congenital heart disease (p=0.32). Conclusion: Multiple pregnancies had increased congenital heart defect risk compared with singleton. Therefore, it is important to refer for fetal echocardiography when necessary. Fetal echocardiography is routinely recommended in high-risk pregnancies such as monocarionic twin pregnancies. However, in pregnant women without risk factors for CHD is also seen. Postnatal follow-up of congenital heart disease is important, and early diagnosis of these diseases with fetal echocardiography is important.

INTRODUCTION: There is no established current algorithm of treatment and clinical follow-up in children with coronary artery anomalies. We analysed the clinical characteristics, diagnosis treatment options of children and adolescents identified with coronary artery anomalies METHODS: In this retrospective study, 4000 children who attended to our clinic were included between January 2016 and January 2018 at paediatric cardiology department. We reviewed the medical records of 12 patients who had suspicion of coronary-artery anomalies by transthoracic echocardiography. RESULTS: Twelve cases were detected to have coronary artery anomalies. All patients were children-adolescent with a mean age at the time of diagnosis of 10.7+-5 years. None of the patients had cardiac ischemia symptoms. Most common anomaly (5 patients) was the left circumflex coronary artery (Cx) originating from the right coronary artery (RCA). Surgical therapy is recommended in two of 12 patients with interarterial course of coronary artery anomaly. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Echocardiography is an important diagnostic tool in childhood due to acoustic window quality. It is crucial to identify children, particularly children with anomalous origin of coronary arteries who will participate competitive sports. Additional imaging tools including computer tomography angiography, magnetic resonance angiography and coronary angiography are needed to confirm the definite diagnosis.

Background: Kawasaki disease is an inflammatory condition. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is a marker reflecting inflammation. Aims: The aim of the study is to evaluate usefulness of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in diagnosis of Kawasaki disease and in prediction of coronary artery lesions. Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Methods: Seventy-five children with Kawasaki disease and 66 controls were retrospectively enrolled. Their leukocyte, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts were recorded. Abnormally distributed data were shown as median (interquartile range). Cases having coronary artery diameter two standard deviation above mean were diagnosed to have coronary artery lesions. Results: Median age of Kawasaki disease patients was 34 months. Twentyfive of those (33.33%) had incomplete Kawasaki disease and twenty-six (34.66%) had coronary artery lesions. Leukocyte [12.61 (6.09)x103/µL vs. 8.48 (5.58)x103/µL], neutrophil [6.73 (4.10)x103/µL vs. 4.62 (5.47)x103/µL], and lymphocyte [4.04 (2.91)x103/µL vs. 3.02 (2.57)x103/µL] counts were significantly higher in Kawasaki disease patients compared to controls (all p values