In this paper, I intend to systematically revisit the main lines of Sigmund Freud’s theory of subjectivity, with the aim of showing its current relevance within the fields of philosophy and social theory. In order to do so, I will proceed in three steps. First (1), I will scrutinize the way Freud elaborates his account of the “subject of unconsciousness” arguing against the conception of the “Cartesian subject”. Then (2), I will examine the tension between nature and nurture, which can be found in his treatment of the problem of “drives” [Triebe]. Finally (3), I will sketch out his description of the three-fold structure of the psychical apparatus, putting special emphasis on his conception of the “split subjectivity” and on his analysis of the intersubjective origin of the Superego [Über-Ich]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]