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The effects of musical tempo on cognitive processing speed were investigated, and the mediating effect of arousal was empirically tested. In an experiment, participants were divided into fast tempo, slow tempo, and no-music groups and completed three cognitive processing speed tests measuring motor speed, visuospatial processing speed, and linguistic processing speed. The results indicated a significant effect of musical tempo on processing speed and task performance in all three tasks. The slow-tempo group exhibited slower processing speed and worse performance than the no-music group in all three tasks. The fast tempo group displayed no significant difference in processing speed or performance compared with the no-music group. In the linguistic processing task, those who listened to slow-tempo music had better accuracy than those in the other conditions. Arousal did not mediate the relationship between musical tempo and cognitive processing speed., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Lin, Kuo and Mai.)

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotyping displays the particular characteristics of HLA alleles and haplotype frequencies in each population. Although it is considered the current gold standard for HLA typing, high-resolution sequence-based HLA typing is currently unavailable in Kinh Vietnamese populations. In this study, high-resolution sequence-based HLA typing (3-field) was performed using an amplicon-based next-generation sequencing platform to identify the HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, and -DQB1 alleles of 101 unrelated healthy Kinh Vietnamese individuals from southern Vietnam. A total of 28 HLA-A, 41 HLA-B, 21 HLA-C, 26 HLA-DRB1, and 25 HLA-DQB1 alleles were identified. The most frequently occurring HLA alleles were A ∗ 11:01:01, B ∗ 15:02:01, C ∗ 07:02:01, DRB1 ∗ 12:02:01, and DQB1 ∗ 03:01:01. Haplotype calculation showed that A ∗ 29:01:01∼B ∗ 07:05:01, DRB1 ∗ 12:02:01∼DQB1 ∗ 3:01:01, A ∗ 29:01:01∼C ∗ 15:05:02∼B ∗ 07:05:01, A ∗ 33:03:01∼B ∗ 58:01:01∼DRB1 ∗ 03:01:01, and A ∗ 29:01:01∼C ∗ 15:05:02∼B ∗ 07:05:01∼DRB1 ∗ 10:01:01∼DQB1 ∗ 05:01:01 were the most common haplotypes in the southern Kinh Vietnamese population. Allele distribution and haplotype analyses demonstrated that the Vietnamese population shares HLA features with South-East Asians but retains unique characteristics. Data from this study will be potentially applicable in medicine and anthropology., (Copyright © 2020 Do, Le, Nguyen, Dang, Nguyen, Vu and Mai.)