Search

Introduction: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a crucial cause of neonatal death and neurological sequelae, but currently there is no effective therapy drug for HIE. Both oxidative stress and apoptosis play critical roles in the pathological development of HIE. Myricetin, a naturally extracted flavonol compound, exerts remarkable effects against oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation. However, the role and underlying molecular mechanism of myricetin on HIE remain unclear.Methods: In this study, we established the neonatal rats hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain damage model in vivo and CoCl2 induced PC12 cell model in vitro to explore the neuroprotective effects of myricetin on HI injury, and illuminate the potential mechanism.Results: Our results showed that myricetin intervention could significantly reduce brain infarction volume, glia activation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress marker levels through activating NRF2 (Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2) and increase the expressions of NRF2 downstream proteins NQO-1 and HO-1. In addition, the NRF2 inhibitor ML385 could significantly reverse the effects of myricetin.Conclusion: This study found that myricetin might alleviate oxidative stress and apoptosis through NRF2 signaling pathway to exert the protective role for HI injury, which suggested that myricetin might be a promising therapeutic agent for HIE.

Neonatal hypoxic–ischemic (HI) brain injury is a detrimental disease, which results in high mortality and long-term neurological deficits. Nevertheless, the treatment options for this disease are limited. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the role of liraglutide in neonatal HI brain injury in rats and investigate the associated mechanisms. The results showed that treatment with liraglutide significantly reduced infarct volume and ameliorated cerebral edema, decreased inflammatory response, promoted the recovery of tissue structure, and improved prognosis following HI brain injury. Moreover, treatment with liraglutide inhibited apoptosis and promoted neuronal survival both in the rat model and following oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) insult. LY294002, an inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), partially reversed these therapeutic effects, suggesting that the PI3K/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway was involved. In conclusion, our data revealed that treatment with liraglutide exerts neuroprotection after neonatal HI brain injury via the PI3K/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) pathway and may be a promising therapy for this disease.

Background: Intussusception is a common abdominal emergency in infancy and childhood, and the recurrence rate is reported to be up to 20%. Numerous potential risk factors for recurrence have been reported, although some of them are still controversial. Objective: The present study was conducted to identify the risk factors or predictive symptoms for recurrent intussusception in children who successfully recovered via enema reduction. Methods: The databases of PUBMED, EMBASE, and Cochrane were searched up to August 2018. The primary outcome was the odds ratio involving the following potential risk factors: sex, the presence of blood in stool, fever, abdominal pain, right abdominal mass, pathological lead point, and vomiting. Results: A total of 12,008 participants from 10 studies included in the abovementioned databases were enrolled in this meta-analysis. The correlation strength with each risk factor was as follows: Sex (OR = 0.87 [0.69, 1.09], P = 0.22); fever (OR = 1.85 [1.29, 2.65], P = 0.0008); blood in stool (OR = 0.93 [0.52, 1.67], P = 0.25); abdominal pain (OR = 0.82 [0.49, 1.37], P = 0.46); vomiting (OR = 0.55 [0.37, 0.80], P = 0.002); pathological lead point (PLP) (OR = 7.71 [1.96,30.29], P = 0.003); location of the mass (OR = 0.51 [0.03, 8.28], P = 0.64). Besides, children who were relatively older (over 1–2 years of age) were seen to have a higher risk of recurrence. Conclusion: The main conclusion of this meta-analysis was that children with the presence of fever and PLP may have a higher risk of recurrence following enema reduction for intussusception. The prevalence of vomiting was found to be lower in RI (Recurrent Intussusception) patients than in the non-RI patients (control group).