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Pediatric post-transplant idiopathic liver fibrosis is an unexplained graft fibrosis that occurs in symptom-free children without acute rejection and surgical complications. Despite a lack of consensus on the subject, the development of pediatric post-transplant idiopathic liver fibrosis is believed to be the result of multiple potential factors, including ischemia-reperfusion injury, allogeneic acute and chronic rejection, viral hepatitis recurrence, opportunistic infection, and drug-induced liver damage. Among them, there is growing evidence that innate immunity may also have a unique role in this progression. This study reviews the features of pediatric post-transplant idiopathic liver fibrosis and discusses current studies illustrating the potential mechanisms of liver allograft tolerance induced by intrahepatic innate immunity, the role of components including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), interferons (IFN), dendritic cells (DC), natural killer cells (NK cells), NKT cells, neutrophils, and Kupffer cells, as well as their possibly relevant role in the development of pediatric post-transplant idiopathic liver fibrosis.

Binary metal oxides composed of molybdenum-vanadium oxides are anticipated to have a promising potential for supercapacitors. Here we are reporting the synthesis of one-dimensional V0.13Mo0.87O2.935 nanowires through a facile one-step hydrothermal method. This nanowire presented high specific capacitance of 394.6 F g-1 (1 mV s-1) as an electrode applied to the supercapacitor. Importantly, this electrode showed a perfect rate capability of 91.5% (2 to 10 A g-1), the continuous verified outstanding cyclic voltammetry with 97.6% after 10000 cycles. These superior electrochemical properties make the synthesized V0.13Mo0.87O2.935 nanowires a prospective candidate for high-performance supercapacitors.