1. Pilot-Scale Production of Cellulosic Nanowhiskers With Similar Morphology to Cellulose Nanocrystals
- Author
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Huihui Wang, Umesh P. Agarwal, Carlos Baez, Jonathan Zhu, Qianli Ma, Roland Gleisner, Richard S. Reiner, and Junyong Zhu
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Histology ,Materials science ,Maleic acid ,lcsh:Biotechnology ,Whiskers ,suspension rheology ,Biomedical Engineering ,Bioengineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Nanomaterials ,carboxylation ,03 medical and health sciences ,Hydrolysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Crystallinity ,Rheology ,lcsh:TP248.13-248.65 ,Nano ,cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs) ,cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,mechanical fibrillation ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Cellulosic ethanol ,0210 nano-technology ,cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) ,Biotechnology - Abstract
This study describes a class of cellulosic nanomaterials, cellulosic nano whiskers (CNWs), and demonstrates scaled-up production with acid recovery using less expensive equipment made of common stainless steel rather than glass-lined steel. CNWs produced using concentrated maleic acid (MA) hydrolysis followed by mechanical fibrillation have morphology similar to MA-produced cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and sulfuric-acid-produced CNCs (S-CNCs) but differ in crystallinity. Applications of CNWs as a substitute for CNCs for which morphology and surface charge, rather than crystallinity, are the pertinent characteristics are presented. The tested CNW suspensions have a wider viscosity range of 0.001 to 1000 Pa.s over a variety of shear rates of 0.01 to 1000 1/s compared to S-CNCs of 0.001 to 0.1 Pa.s and are better suited for applications such as rheology modification and 3D printing. This study proposes CNWs as a less expensive and more sustainable replacement for CNCs in applications that do not require crystalline properties.
- Published
- 2020
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