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BackgroundTo explore the relationship between weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) and the risk of all-cause mortality in one urban community-dwelling population in China.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study with a sample of 1,863 older adults aged 60 years or over in Beijing who completed baseline examinations in 2009–2010 and a 10-year follow-up in 2020. WWI was calculated as waist circumference (cm) divided by the square root of weight (kg). Cox regression analysis was performed to investigate the significance of the association of WWI with all-cause mortality. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare the ability of each obesity index to predict mortality.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 10.8 years (1.0 to 11.3 years), 339 deaths occurred. After adjusted for covariates, the hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality progressively increased across the tertile of WWI. Compared with the lowest WWI category (tertile1 ConclusionWWI was associated with a higher risk for all-cause mortality, and the association was more robust with the highest WWI category.