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Objective: Metacognition, a multifaceted psychological construct, encompasses recognising and explaining one's cognitive processes and those of others. Notably, deficits in metacognitive abilities are linked with diminished social performance, reduced quality of life, and increased severity of Personality Disorders (PD). While there are other assessment tools available in Turkish for evaluating metacognition, none offer the same combination of speed, simplicity, flexibility, and multidimensionality for screening metacognitive abilities as the Metacognition Self-Assessment Scale (MSAS).The Metacognitive Self-Assessment Scale (MSAS) was designed to evaluate various metacognitive functions—namely, Monitoring, Integration, Differentiation, and Disintegration—as described by the Metacognitive Multifunction Model. This study aims to translate and validate the MSAS for Turkish culture. Method: To check the factor structure's suitability for the Turkish population, 467 non-clinical participants (67.7% female, ranged from 18 to 31, mean 24.18; ±3.25) were included. Results: Initial analyses confirm that the scale is a valid and dependable instrument for Turkish culture. Construct validity, represented by the 18 items and four subscales, was confirmed through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and criterion validity assessments. As well as the test–retest reliability of the scale was confirmed. Based on these findings, it was concluded that the scale is valid and reliable for use in Turkey. The model aligns well with empirical data, highlighting its strong construct validity and indicating good reliability of the scale. Conclusion: The Turkish version of the MSAS, developed to measure metacognition and its associated components, has proven to be a credible and reliable tool, especially in non-clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) on test anxiety across diverse age groups and intervention modalities. Methods: Rigorous inclusion criteria were applied to select studies focusing on MBIs as the independent variable, with test anxiety as the outcome. A comprehensive search across multiple databases yielded 18 primary studies, contributing 20 comparisons. Data were extracted on study characteristics, sample sizes, and intervention details, and were analyzed using a randomeffects model. Results: The analyses incorporated 1,275 participants, with MBIs demonstrating a moderate to large negative effect on test anxiety (effect size = -0.716; 95% CI: -1.383 to -0.049). Moderation analysis indicated that mean age, number of sessions, and intervention delivery mode did not significantly influence effect sizes. Publication bias assessment suggested the presence of bias via Egger's regression (p = 0.025), though Begg and Mazumdar's test and Duval and Tweedie's trim and fill method indicated no missing studies. Conclusion: MBIs are effective in reducing test anxiety, though results should be interpreted with caution due to potential publication bias and unexplained heterogeneity. The impact of MBIs did not vary significantly with participant age, number of sessions, or delivery mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]