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BackgroundThe association between benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and various mental disorders is still controversial. This study used the Mendelian randomization (MR) method to clarify the correlation between BPPV and seven mental disorders (bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, suicidality, neuroticism, and mood swings) to aid in the exploration of BPPV complications and prevention and early treatment of mental disorders.MethodsThe datasets for BPPV and seven mental disorders were obtained from genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Two-sample MR was used to analyze the correlation between exposure (BPPV) and various outcomes (bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, suicidality, neuroticism, and mood swings). A reverse MR study was also performed. The inverse variance weighting (IVW) method, the MR–Egger method, the simple mode method, the weighted mode method, and the weighted median method were selected.ResultsThe MR analysis and the reverse MR analysis results did not reveal significant associations between BPPV and bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, suicidal tendencies, neuroticism, and mood swings. Interestingly, neuroticism (IVW: OR = 1.142, 95% CI: 1.059–1.231, P = 0.001; P-MR-PRESSO adjustment = 0.0002) and mood swings (IVW: OR = 3.119, 95% CI: 1.652–5.884, P = 0.0004) may have a significant association with BPPV. After MR-PRESSO adjustment, there was no horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity, and a significant association between neuroticism, mood swings, and BPPV has still been suggested.ConclusionWe conducted MR analysis on genetic data from European populations and discovered a causal relationship between BPPV and the seven mental disorders. Our research findings suggest that BPPV may not have a significant causal relationship with bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, or suicidal tendencies. However, neuroticism and mood swings may be risk factors for BPPV.

The protease Mpro (referred to as 3CLpro or 3CL protease) is a cysteine protease that is highly conserved in coronavirus and is indispensable for viral replication. Because there is no homologous protein for MPro in the human body, SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease is an ideal target against coronavirus. Bletilla striata (Reich. Bf.) is a well-known form of Traditional Chinese Medicine and can exert many pharmacological effects, including hemostasis, anti-microbial and anti-virus activities. Our preliminary screening showed that the n-butanol component of a methanol extract of B. striata exhibited potent inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease (58.82% at 200 μg/mL). In this study, we biologically evaluated ten isolated chemical compounds from B. striata and investigated the inhibitory activities of its constituents on SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease. Following bioactivity-guided fractionation, four bibenzyls (1, 4, 6 and 7), three phenols (5, 8 and 9), two anthraquinones (2 and 3) and one glucosyloxybenzyl 2-isobutylmalate (10) were isolated and evaluated for their ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis. The binding mode between compounds and enzymes was investigated by molecular docking and Saturation Transfer Differences - nuclear magnetic resonance (STD-NMR). Moreover, Pleiobibenzynin B (7), Blestritin B, Gymconopin D (4), Physcion, 3′-O-methyl dioscin III (6), Gastrodin (8) and caffeic acid (5) all exhibited inhibitory activity against 3CL protease in vitro. The four bibenzyls (1, 4, 6 and 7) exhibited good inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease (7.37–39.86 μM). These findings identify potential new inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease, which offers promising lead compounds for the development of novel anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.

BackgroundPatients with schizophrenia are at a higher risk of developing cancer. However, the causal relationship between schizophrenia and different tumor types remains unclear.MethodsUsing a two-sample, two-way Mendelian randomization method, we used publicly available genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) aggregate data to study the causal relationship between schizophrenia and different cancer risk factors. These tumors included lung adenocarcinoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma, small-cell lung cancer, gastric cancer, alcohol-related hepatocellular cancer, tumors involving the lungs, breast, thyroid gland, pancreas, prostate, ovaries and cervix, endometrium, colon and colorectum, and bladder. We used the inverse variance weighting (IVW) method to determine the causal relationship between schizophrenia and different tumor risk factors. In addition, we conducted a sensitivity test to evaluate the effectiveness of the causality.ResultsAfter adjusting for heterogeneity, evidence of a causal relationship between schizophrenia and lung cancer risk was observed (odds ratio [OR]=1.001, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.000–1.001; P=0.0155). In the sensitivity analysis, the causal effect of schizophrenia on the risk of lung cancer was consistent in both direction and degree. However, no evidence of causality or reverse causality between schizophrenia and other tumors was found.ConclusionThis study elucidated a causal relationship between the genetic predictors of schizophrenia and the risk of lung cancer, thereby providing a basis for the prevention, pathogenesis, and treatment of schizophrenia in patients with lung cancer.

Background: The association between benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and various mental disorders is still controversial. This study used the Mendelian randomization (MR) method to clarify the correlation between BPPV and seven mental disorders (bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, suicidality, neuroticism, and mood swings) to aid in the exploration of BPPV complications and prevention and early treatment of mental disorders. Methods: The datasets for BPPV and seven mental disorders were obtained from genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Two-sample MR was used to analyze the correlation between exposure (BPPV) and various outcomes (bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, suicidality, neuroticism, and mood swings). A reverse MR study was also performed. The inverse variance weighting (IVW) method, the MR-Egger method, the simple mode method, the weighted mode method, and the weighted median method were selected. Results: The MR analysis and the reverse MR analysis results did not reveal significant associations between BPPV and bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, suicidal tendencies, neuroticism, and mood swings. Interestingly, neuroticism (IVW: OR = 1.142, 95% CI: 1.059-1.231, P = 0.001; P-MR-PRESSO adjustment = 0.0002) and mood swings (IVW: OR = 3.119, 95% CI: 1.652-5.884, P = 0.0004) may have a significant association with BPPV. After MR-PRESSO adjustment, there was no horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity, and a significant association between neuroticism, mood swings, and BPPV has still been suggested. Conclusion: We conducted MR analysis on genetic data from European populations and discovered a causal relationship between BPPV and the seven mental disorders. Our research findings suggest that BPPV may not have a significant causal relationship with bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, or suicidal tendencies. However, neuroticism and mood swings may be risk factors for BPPV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]