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Smart grid technologies are based on the integration of the cyber network and the power grid into a cyber-physical power system (CPPS). The increasing cyber-physical interdependencies bring about tremendous opportunities for the modeling, monitoring, control, and protection of power grids, but also create new types of vulnerabilities and failure mechanisms threatening the reliability and resiliency of system operation. A major concern regarding the interdependent networks is the cascading failure (CF), where a small initial disturbance/failure in the network results in a seemingly unexpected large-scale failure. Although there has been a significant volume of recent work in the CF research of CPPS, a comprehensive review remains unavailable. This article aims to fill the gap by providing a systematic literature survey regarding the modeling, analysis, and mitigation of CF in CPPS. The open research questions for further research are also discussed. This article allows researchers to easily understand the state of the art of CF research in CPPS and fosters future work required towards full resolutions to the remaining questions and challenges.

COVID-19 has brought to light the systemic racism faced by ethnic minorities in the UK. During the pandemic, we saw an increase in anti-Asian hate crimes and a lack of support from the government given to both patients and healthcare workers from minority backgrounds on the front lines. This lack of support potentially contributed to the increased susceptibility of ethnic minorities to COVID-19 and also their hesitancy toward the vaccine, particularly the south Asian communities. In this paper we discuss potential reasons for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among south Asian groups. Additionally, we propose that introducing a decolonised curriculum in secondary school may enhance cultural awareness with historical context among the white British populations, allowing for more inclusion for south Asian communities. By exploring ways to decolonise specific subjects in the secondary curriculum, this paper aims to set out a guideline for teachers and education professionals on expanding secondary school pupils’ knowledge of racial issues and equality, to start the process of educating a new generation appropriately. We propose that decolonising the secondary school curriculum is a potential long-term solution to eradicating racism and discrimination.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The disease still remains incurable and highly lethal in the advanced stage, representing a global health concern. Therefore, it is essential to understand the causes and risk factors leading to its development. Because age-related cellular senescence and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been recognised as risk factors for CRC development, the recent finding that type 2 diabetic patients present an elevated circulating volume of senescent cells raises the question whether type 2 diabetes facilitates the process of CRC tumorigenesis by inducing premature cell senescence. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms according to which T2D induces cellular senescence and the role of type 2 diabetes-induced cellular senescence in the pathogenesis and progression of colorectal cancer. Lastly, we will explore the current therapeutic approaches and challenges in targeting senescence.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The disease still remains incurable and highly lethal in the advanced stage, representing a global health concern. Therefore, it is essential to understand the causes and risk factors leading to its development. Because age-related cellular senescence and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been recognised as risk factors for CRC development, the recent finding that type 2 diabetic patients present an elevated circulating volume of senescent cells raises the question whether type 2 diabetes facilitates the process of CRC tumorigenesis by inducing premature cell senescence. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms according to which T2D induces cellular senescence and the role of type 2 diabetes-induced cellular senescence in the pathogenesis and progression of colorectal cancer. Lastly, we will explore the current therapeutic approaches and challenges in targeting senescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundFetal macrosomia, marked by excessive birth weight, is a significant public health issue in developing countries, yet it has received less attention compared to low birth weight. This study aims to determine the prevalence of fetal macrosomia in Bangladesh and its associated factors.MethodsThe study utilized data from 4,754 women with complete birth weight information of their children from the Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) −2019, defining fetal macrosomia as newborns with a birth weight ≥4,000 g regardless of gestational age. Bivariate logistic regression assessed associations between independent variables and fetal macrosomia, presenting adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI), while controlling for potential confounders such as women's age, wealth index, education, healthcare utilization, comorbidities, newborn sex, and place of residence.ResultsThe prevalence of fetal macrosomia was 11.6%. Significant associations with fetal macrosomia included higher maternal age group (30–34 years) (AOR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.07–1.74), secondary level of mother's education (AOR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.43–2.66), experienced physical attacks (AOR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.06–1.88), hypertension during pregnancy (AOR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.15–2.07), and rural residence (AOR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.15–1.49). Female infants had 18% lower odds of being macrosomic compared to male infants (AOR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.72–0.93).ConclusionOne in ten infants in Bangladesh are born with macrosomia, necessitating a multi-faceted approach involving improving maternal nutrition, promoting healthy lifestyles, enhancing access to quality prenatal care, and addressing socioeconomic, residential, and healthcare system challenges, underlining the importance of further community-based research to expand the study's scope.

BackgroundPneumonia has been the leading infectious cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years of age for the last several decades. Although most of these deaths occur due to respiratory failure, published data are limited regarding predicting factors and outcomes of respiratory failure in children hospitalized with pneumonia or severe pneumonia.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the prevalence, predicting factors, and outcomes of respiratory failure in children under-five with pneumonia or severe pneumonia.MethodsIn this retrospective chart analysis, we enrolled children under 5 years of age hospitalized with pneumonia or severe pneumonia in the Dhaka Hospital of International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) between August 2013 and December 2017. Comparisons were made between children with respiratory failure (n = 212) and those without respiratory failure (n = 4,412). Respiratory failure was defined when the oxygen saturation/fraction of inspired oxygen (SpO2/FiO2) was