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ObjectiveHIV/AIDS remains a global public health problem, and understanding the structure of social networks of people living with HIV/AIDS is of great importance to unravel HIV transmission, propose precision control and reduce new infections. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of HIV transmission in Fujian province, southeastern China from 2015 to 2020 based on HIV molecular network.MethodsNewly diagnosed, treatment-naive HIV/AIDS patients were randomly sampled from Fujian province in 2015 and 2020. Plasma was sampled for in-house genotyping resistance test, and HIV molecular network was created using the HIV-TRACE tool. Factors affecting the inclusion of variables in the HIV molecular network were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.ResultsA total of 1,714 eligible cases were finally recruited, including 806 cases in 2015 and 908 cases in 2020. The dominant HIV subtypes were CRF01_AE (41.7%) and CRF07_BC (38.3%) in 2015 and CRF07_BC (53. 3%) and CRF01_AE (29.1%) in 2020, and the prevalence of HIV drug resistance was 4.2% in 2015 and 5.3% in 2020. Sequences of CRF07_BC formed the largest HIV-1 transmission cluster at a genetic distance threshold of both 1.5 and 0.5%. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that ages of under 20 years and over 60 years, CRF07_BC subtype, Han ethnicity, sampling in 2015, absence of HIV drug resistance, married with spouse, sampling from three cities of Jinjiang, Nanping and Quanzhou resulted in higher proportions of sequences included in the HIV transmission molecular network at a genetic distance threshold of 1.5% (p < 0.05).ConclusionOur findings unravel the HIV molecular transmission network of newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients in Fujian province, southeastern China, which facilitates the understanding of HIV transmission patterns in the province.

Stimulus-responsive hydrogels are significantly programmable materials that show potential applications in the field of biomedicine and the environment. Ultrasound as a stimulus can induce the formation of hydrogels, which exhibit the superior performance of different structures. In this study, we reported an ultrasound-induced supramolecular hydrogel based on aspartic acid derivative N,N′-diaspartate-3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic acid imide, showing superior performance in drug release. The results show that the driving force of this ultrasonic induced hydrogel could be attributed to hydrogen bonding and π-π interaction. The rheological and cytotoxicity test illustrate excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the hydrogel. The anti-Schistosoma japonicum cercariae (CC) drug release results show large drug loadings (500 mg/ml) and long-term release (15 days) of this hydrogel. This study demonstrates that this hydrogel may serve as a slow-release platform for anti-CC.