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IntroductionThe prevalence of germline pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (P/LP) in high and moderate penetrance (HMP) genes is approximately 7%–10% among breast cancer (BC) patients. The prevalence and spectrum of BC P/LP variants are affected by several factors. There are limited genetic data from Brazilian patients with BC.MethodsThis is a retrospective cross-sectional study that aims to evaluate the germline profile of P/LP variants in 13 HMP BC genes (BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, TP53, CDH1, NF1, PTEN, STK11, CHEK2, ATM, BARD1, RAD51C, and RAD51D) in patients diagnosed with BC in Brazil. All patients were tested using multigene NGS panels covering from 35 to 105 genes. Primary endpoint was the prevalence of P/LP variants in BRCA1/2 and in other HMP genes. Secondary endpoints were stratified analyses according to age and BC subtype.ResultsThis cohort involved 2,208 patients with BC from 2019 to 2023. Most patients (79.7%) were from Southeastern Brazil. The median age at genetic testing was 47 years, and most patients (59.4%) were ≤50 years. The BC subtype was available in 641 cases: 264 patients (41.2%) were HR+/HER2−, 116 (18.1%) were HER2+, and 261 (40.7%) had triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Overall, 215 (9.7%) had a P/LP in HMP genes, including 5.8% in BRCA1/2. The most frequent variants were found in BRCA2, BRCA1, and TP53. The founder variant R337H accounted for 79% of all TP53 pathogenic variants, representing 1% of the overall population. Deleterious variants in BRCA1/2 were more common in patients ≤50 years (7.7%) and TNBC (10.7%). In other HMP BC genes, the prevalence of P/LP variants did not significantly vary according to age and BC molecular subtype. The overall VUS rate in HMP genes was 19.6%.ConclusionIn Brazil, the epidemiology of deleterious variants in HMP is comparable to published US and EU cohorts. The Brazilian TP53 R337H is a prevalent variant in BC patients. Deleterious BRCA1/2 variants vary according to age and BC subtype. Our study gives a broader understanding of BC risk genes and has opened doors to optimized testing and surveillance strategies in Brazil.

IntroductionPlatelet-rich plasma is widely used for different types of clinical situations, but universal standardization of procedures for its preparation is still lacking.MethodsScoping review of comparative studies that have assessed at least two alternatives in one or more stages of preparation, storage and/or administration of PRP or its related products. A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, and LILACS. Two authors screened references independently. Data extraction was performed iteratively, and results were presented for each included comparison.ResultsThirty-nine studies were included after assessing full texts, focusing on the comparison of PRP to a related product, types of anticoagulants, centrifugation protocols, commercial kits, processing time, methods for activation, and application concomitantly to other substances. Only laboratory outcomes were assessed, as platelet, leukocyte and growth factor concentrations.ConclusionResults showed great variability related to methods employed in different stages of PRP processing, which may explain the variability observed in clinical trials assessing the efficacy of PRP for different clinical situations.