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IntroductionIn recent years, it has become increasingly evident that the population in many countries has been declining. China, which was previously the world's most populous nation and is often categorized as an emerging economy, officially entered an era of population decline in 2022. The advent of this era has make China's economic development more uncertain and aging of population more pronounced. To address the population decline, the Chinese government implemented the “Three-Child Policy” to encourage childbirth, aiming to reverse the negative population growth. However, this policy has not achieved the expected goals. Instead, it has increased the pressure on women to bear children, particularly for career women, where such pressure may conflict with their existing work and family environments, subsequently affecting their mental wellbeing.MethodsA survey was conducted to investigate the mental wellbeing status of career women in Changchun City, Jilin Province, Northeast China. It analyzes the impact of working and family environments on the mental wellbeing of these women.ResultsBased on the survey, this study draws five conclusions: A. The mental wellbeing status of career women varies across different ages, industries, and childbirth statuses. B. The perceived adverse impact of childbirth on the working environment may negatively affect the mental wellbeing of career women. C. The perceived adverse impact of childbirth on the family environment may negatively affect the mental wellbeing of career women. D. Career women are not satisfied with the effectiveness of current policies in protecting women's rights. E. Compared to working environments, there is a greater demand for career women in the family environments, particularly in reducing various family burdens.DiscussionThe pro-natalist policies introduced in response to negative population growth can worsen the mental wellbeing of career women, while the deterioration of their mental wellbeing could further accelerate population decline. Given the current challenges, this study suggests that effectively improving the mental wellbeing of career women requires building psychological resilience among childless career women, reducing the burden of family on career women, and continuously improving policies and regulations that protect the rights of career women.

IntroductionIn the context of the digital economy, the emergence and application of emerging technologies have accelerated the integration of traditional social structures with new technologies, leading to the inception of the “Future Community” as an innovative urban unit. With an aging population’s rapid and sustained rise, integrating health care for older adults with modern information technology is gradually moving towards holistic governance. This approach utilizes the Future Community as a medium and aims for quality enhancement and increased efficiency, which instrumentally addresses the diversified health care needs of China’s aging era.MethodsIn this study, we employed a questionnaire survey method that covered 11 communities in Tianjin City to understand better the current status and characteristics of their health care services.ResultsThe survey results show that the means of community health care for older adults are gradually being upgraded, and the demands are shifting. Then, we arrive at three conclusions: firstly, technological innovation and smart approaches have the potential to positively influence the quality of health care in these communities. Secondly, allocating health care resources within communities can have a salutary effect on the psychological well-being of seniors. Thirdly, actively involving seniors in community life and governance can elevate their self-worth.DiscussionAt last, in conjunction with current challenges, we think that deepening multi-party collaboration, educating specialized talents, and bridging the “digital gap” would be effective ways to establish a future community for seniors.

IntroductionBay Areas are viewed as a complex region with integrated objectives and numerous functions. Despite the increasing interaction between bay area development and urban landscape transformation, the fragmented literature did not address the question: how to achieve sustainable development in the bay area? The objective of this study was to review the literature on four representative bay areas from both the West and the East, including the San Francisco Bay Area, New York Bay Area, Tokyo Bay Area, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. This study aimed to address the following two questions: What are the ongoing research trends in the field of bay areas? What are the most critical urban issues for future bay area development?MethodsThis study used a systematic review to examine publications from the Scopus database. Both descriptive and evaluative approaches were employed to analyze the publications on the four representative bay areas. The bibliometric analysis was performed using the VOS viewer to visualize research results and outcomes.ResultsThe results revealed that the majority of the bay area related studies emphasized environmental issues, focused on decentralization and policy interactions, and the field of education received limited attention.DiscussionThis study contributes to the comprehensive understanding of the city-region development and provides policy suggestions for future sustainable bay area development. The findings of the keyword-based bibliometric analysis can be applied to other realms of city studies.

In most of the studies focusing on the conformity of voluntary vaccination decisions, the conformity was always directly modeled as a conformity-driven strategy-updating rule. However, the utility of an individual can also be influenced by the group identity or discrimination behaviors associated with strategy conformity in realities. Thus, a novel utility model of the vaccination game is first formulated in which the influence of strategy conformity is considered. Then, we use the spatial evolutionary game theory to study the dynamics of individual vaccination strategies under the influence of strategy conformity on the scale-free network. The results show that moderate strategy conformity and a high herd immunity threshold have a significant positive effect on vaccination behaviors when the initial vaccination fraction is low. Moreover, for a high initial vaccination fraction, the strong strategy conformity and high herd immunity threshold are more conducive to encourage vaccination behavior. To analyze the model sensitivity, experiments are conducted in the small world network and square lattice network. In addition, we performed the sensitivity analysis on vaccination effectiveness. Finally, the generality of strategy conformity effect is investigated when the myopic strategy updating rule is adopted in the whole population. The result shows that vaccination behaviors can also be promoted under the condition of moderate strategy conformity and low initial vaccination fraction.

Pumped storage power plant (PSPP) has the upper hand on economy and cleanness. It also has the functions of frequency regulation, phase regulation, and spare, which have been instrumental in maintaining the stability of power system operation. But now the mechanism for PSPP to become involved in electricity market transactions in China is imperfect. How to properly establish a multi-time scale trading profit model and reasonably allocate the capacity of PSPP has been instrumental in realizing the economic operation of the power system. So, this article analyzes the mechanism for PSPP to become involved in electricity market trading by providing combined electricity supply services and ancillary services, and establishes an optimization model with respect to economic optimization. At the same time, considering the volatility of electricity prices in the spot market, the risk of PSPP becoming involved in electricity market trading is measured by conditional Value at Risk (CVaR) to achieve economic optimization while minimizing the risk. The case studies demonstrate that the proposed profit model can enhance the revenue and decrease the risk of PPSP.

Background: Serum ferritin (SF) has been correlated with one or more metabolic syndrome features associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study explored the associations between SF and CVD risk factors among different body size phenotypes that were based on metabolic status and body mass index (BMI) categories.Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using a cohort of 7,549 Chinese adults from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Participants did not exhibit acute inflammation, were not underweight and were stratified based on their metabolic status and BMI categories. The metabolically at-risk status was defined as having two or more criteria of the Adult Treatment Panel-III metabolic syndrome definition, excluding waist circumference.Results: Compared with individuals without high SF, subjects with high SF had an increased risk of diabetes in the metabolically at-risk normal-weight (MANW) and metabolically at-risk overweight/obesity (MAO) groups. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were 1.52 [95% confidence interval (Cls): 1.02, 2.28] and 1.63 (95% Cls: 1.27, 2.09), respectively. Adjusted ORs for hyperuricemia from high SF in metabolically healthy normal-weight (MHNW), metabolically healthy overweight/obesity (MHO), MANW, and MAO phenotypes were 1.78 (95% Cls: 1.26, 2.53), 1.42 (95% Cls: 1.03, 1.95), 1.66 (95% Cls: 1.17, 2.36), and 1.42 (95% Cls: 1.17, 1.73), respectively. Similarly, positive correlations of high SF with triglycerides, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B100 were observed in all phenotypes. No association between high SF and elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were observed among participants who were metabolically at-risk, regardless of their BMI categories. However, the ORs for elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol from high SF were 1.64 (95% Cls: 1.29, 2.08) in the MHNW group and 1.52 (95% Cls:1.22, 1.91) in the MHO group, significantly. This study demonstrated that the highest ORs were in MAO with a high SF group for all unfavorable CVD risk factors except low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (all p < 0.001).Conclusions: The associations of high SF with the prevalence of CVD risk factors, including diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia, vary in individuals among different body size phenotypes. In the MAO group, subjects with high SF levels exhibited worse CVD risk profiles than individuals without high SF.

Background: Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is an autosomal-dominant hereditary cancer syndrome. Currently, studies on tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy for VHL disease are scarce. In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of four TKIs in patients with VHL disease.Methods: Patients diagnosed with VHL disease who were receiving TKIs were recruited. Patients were treated with sunitinib (n = 12), sorafenib (n = 11), axitinib (n = 6), or pazopanib (n = 3). The therapeutic response was evaluated according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1.Results: From July 2009 to September 2018, 32 patients with VHL disease were eligible and included in this study. The median duration of TKI therapy was 22 months (IQR 8.5–44.75), and the median follow-up period was 31.5 months (IQR 13.5–63.5). According to the RECIST, 9 (28%) of 32 patients showed a partial response, 15 (47%) achieved stable disease, and eight exhibited continued disease progression. A partial response was observed in 11 (31%) of 36 renal cell carcinomas, 4 (27%) of 15 pancreatic lesions, and 1 (20%) of five central nervous system (CNS) hemangioblastomas. The average tumor size decreased significantly for renal cell carcinomas (P = 0.0001), renal cysts (P = 0.027), and pancreatic lesions (P = 0.003) after TKI therapy. Common side effects included hand–foot skin reactions, diarrhea, alopecia, thrombocytopenia, and fatigue.Conclusions: Partial alleviation of VHL disease-related tumors can be achieved by TKI therapies in some patients, providing an alternative treatment strategy, and the side effects of TKIs are acceptable. Larger prospective studies are warranted to further evaluate the efficacy and safety of TKIs in patients with VHL disease.

Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is a hereditary cancer syndrome characterized by poor survival. The effect of the involvement of each organ on survival remains unclear. Our study aimed to study the effect of the involvement of each organ on survival in VHL disease patients. We retrospectively analyzed 336 patients from 125 families. The onset age was compared between different groups using Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test. Univariate and multivariate time-dependent Cox regression analyses were conducted to evaluate how survival was influenced by the involvement of each organ. The median survival time for VHL disease patients was 66 years. The onset age was earlier in the central nervous system (CNS) group than in the abdominal group. The involvement of central nervous system hemangioblastoma (CHB) and retinal hemangioblastoma (RA) were independent risk factors for overall survival. The involvement of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was not a significant risk factor for overall survival. Only RA was a risk factor for CHB-specific survival. This study analyzed the relationship between organ involvement and survival of VHL patients. This may help guide future genetic counseling and clinical decision-making.

The randomness and fluctuation of large-scale distributed photovoltaic (PV) power will affect the stable operation of the distribution network. The energy storage system (ESS) can effectively suppress the power output fluctuation of the PV system and reduce the PV curtailment rate through charging/discharging states. In order to improve the operation capability of the distribution network and PV consumption rate, an optimal multi-objective strategy is proposed based on PV power prediction. First, the back propagation (BP) neural network with an improved genetic algorithm (GA) is used to predict PV power output. Furthermore, an adaptive variability function is added to the GA to improve the prediction accuracy. Then, the distribution network model containing distributed PV and the ESS is constructed. The optimal object contains network power loss, voltage deviation, and PV consumption. The model is solved based on the improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm of Pareto optimality. The probabilistic amplitude is adopted to encode the particles for avoiding local optimal. Finally, the proposed optimal strategy is verified by the IEEE 33-bus distribution network. The results show that the proposed strategy has an obvious effect on reducing the network power loss and voltage deviation, as well as improving the PV consumption rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, modal decomposition is employed to generate more data for matching scenarios with more complex topography for predicting wind power output in the case of complex terrain. The existing literature shows that a single wind power output forecast model is difficult to cope with complex terrain and thus the accuracy of wind power output forecast is limited. This work combines the advantages of attention mechanism and convolutional neural network for a novel network based on modal decomposition of historical data for wind power output forecast on complex terrain. The proposed novel network can break through the limitations of a single wind power output forecast model. In addition, the signals that are modally decomposed can be predicted more accurately. The presented method is contrasted with various other algorithms for the wind power output prediction problem in complex terrain. Comparative experiments show that the proposed network achieves a higher accuracy rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to sustain the overall competitiveness of the wind power industry, unrelenting focus is required on working toward the advancement of enabling technologies and research studies that are associated with wind farm systems. First, wind farm technologies that include various turbine generator systems coupled with different power transmission configurations have enormous impact in determining the quality of wind power production. In addition, modern wind farms are expected to implement robust power control algorithms to meet more advanced requirements of electricity generation. Accordingly, this study explores the statuses of wind energy harvesting technologies and wind farm control strategies by discussing their recent and future impact on transforming the wind power industry. Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind energy harvesting technology is well-matured and has exhibited an excellent track-record in past and recent experiences, but its capability of being further scalable for large-scale power production is limited as it is largely incompatible with high-voltage power transmission networks. On the other hand, permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)-based technology is making significant advancements to attain the maximum possible efficiency level in greatly facilitating larger scale power generation, although the construction of bulky and costly power transmission systems is required. In this regard, future technological advances in the wind farm industry are expected to reasonably optimize the design and cost of high-voltage power transmission systems. Similarly, an increasing number of research studies are introducing a number of power optimization-based control models to create an ideal integration of the aforementioned wind farm technologies so as to ultimately enhance the reliability of electricity production by maintaining the systems' safety. Yet, additional work is still expected to be undertaken in the future for a more extended evaluation of the performances of many different control models under a similar environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]