1. An increasing trend in daily monsoon precipitation extreme indices over Pakistan and its relationship with atmospheric circulations
- Author
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Waheed Ullah, Aisha Karim, Sami Ullah, Atta-Ur Rehman, Tehmina Bibi, Guojie Wang, Safi Ullah, Asher Samuel Bhatti, Gohar Ali, Adnan Abbas, Daniel Fiffi Tawia Hagan, Isaac Kwesi Nooni, Chenxia Zhu, and Azfar Hussain
- Subjects
extreme precipitation indices ,sub-seasonal precipitation extremes ,westerlies teleconnections ,south asian high ,Pakistan ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
This study assessed spatiotemporal trends in daily monsoon precipitation extremes at seasonal and sub-seasonal scales (June, July, August, and September) and their links with atmospheric circulations over Pakistan. The study used observed precipitation data from fifty in-situ stations and reanalysis products from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and National Centers for Environmental Prediction/the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) during 1981–2018. A suite of seven extreme precipitation indices and non-parametric statistical techniques were used to infer trends in the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation indices. An increase in frequency and intensity of overall extreme indices was evident, with a maximum tendency in the country’s northwestern (z-score=>2.5), central, and eastern (z-score > 4) monsoon-dominant parts. The northern and southwestern parts of the country exhibited a slight decrease (z-score
- Published
- 2023
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