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BackgroundEven though breast cancer is the most frequent extra-abdominal tumor causing peritoneal metastases, clear clinical guidelines are lacking. Our aim is to establish whether cytoreductive surgery (CRS) could be considered in selected patients with peritoneal metastases from breast cancer (PMBC) to manage abdominal spread and allow patients to resume or complete other medical treatments.MethodsWe considered patients with PMBC treated in 10 referral centers from January 2002 to May 2019. Clinical data included primary cancer characteristics (age, histology, and TNM) and data on metastatic disease (interval between primary BC and PM, molecular subtype, other metastases, and peritoneal spread). Overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Univariate and multivariable data for OS were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsOf the 49 women with PMBC, 20 were treated with curative aim (CRS with or without HIPEC) and 29 were treated with non-curative procedures. The 10-year OS rate was 27%. Patients treated with curative intent had a better OS than patients treated with non-curative procedures (89.2% vs. 6% at 36 months, p < 0.001). Risk factors significantly influencing survival were age at primary BC, interval between BC and PM diagnosis, extra-peritoneal metastases, and molecular subtype.ConclusionsThe improved outcome in selected cases after a multidisciplinary approach including surgery should lead researchers to regard PMBC patients with greater attention despite their scarce epidemiological impact. Our collective efforts give new information, suggest room for improvement, and point to further research for a hitherto poorly studied aspect of metastatic BC.

Objective: To identify risk and protective factors for mental health symptoms associated with lifestyle changes caused by home confinement in pediatric subjects and in children and adolescents with a neuropsychiatric disorder.Study design: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study conducted from May 10 to May 31, 2020. Two online anonymous surveys were developed: population-based and clinical-based (children with neuropsychiatric disorders). Outcomes included emotional and behavioral symptoms, as assessed by psychometric scales (BPSC, PPSC, PSC, CES-DC and SCARED, respectively), and lifestyle changes during home confinement (i.e., physical activity, screen time, home schooling, reading).Results: The sample included 9,688 pediatric subjects, and 289 children and adolescents with a neuropsychiatric disorder. The presence of siblings was a protective factor in all ages. In pre- and school children: male sex, a diagnosis of autism, residency in highly affected areas, high parental educational level or job loss, and screen time (>2 h/day) were risk factors. Physical activity, home-schooling, reading, talking with other people were protective factors. Residency in highly affected areas, a diagnosis of mood disorder, parental job loss, and screen time, were associated with a worsening of the depressive symptoms, whereas physical activity, talking with other people, playing with parents were protective activities. Screen time was also a risk factor for anxiety symptoms, while physical activity, reading and talking with other people were protective factors.Conclusions: This study identified risk and protective factors for mental health symptoms associated with lifestyle changes caused by COVID-19 home confinement to promote mental well-being in pediatrics during pandemic times.

Rationale: Studies suggest a relation between exposure to air particulate matter (PM)2.5 pollution and greater cardiovascular morbidity, as well as increased risk for obesity and diabetes. We aimed to identify association(s) between nutritional and metabolic status and exposure to environmental pollution in a cohort of policemen exposed to high levels of air pollution.Methods: We considered adult municipal policemen, working in an urban area at high-traffic density with documented high levels of air PM2.5 (exposed group) compared to non-exposed policemen. Clinical characteristics, including the presence/absence of metabolic syndrome, were recorded, and serum biomarkers, including adiponectin, leptin, and ghrelin, were assessed.Results: One hundred ninety-nine participants were enrolled, 100 in the exposed group and 99 in the non-exposed group. Metabolic syndrome was documented in 32% of exposed group and in 52.5% of non-exposed group (P = 0.008). In the exposed group, we found a positive correlation between body mass index and serum leptin as well as in the non-exposed group (P < 0.0001). Within the exposed group, subjects with metabolic syndrome showed lower serum adiponectin (P < 0.0001) and higher leptin (P = 0.002) levels with respect to those without metabolic syndrome, whereas in the non-exposed group, subjects with metabolic syndrome showed only higher leptin levels when compared to those without metabolic syndrome (P = 0.01). Among the participants with metabolic syndrome, we found lower adiponectin levels in those of the exposed group with respect to the non-exposed ones (P = 0.007). When comparing the exposed and non-exposed groups, after stratifying participants for Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance >2.5, we found lower adiponectin levels in those of the exposed group with respect to the non-exposed ones (P = 0.038).Conclusions: Exposure to air PM pollution was associated with lower levels of adiponectin in adult males with metabolic syndrome.

Rationale: Low physical activity is frequent in end stage renal disease. We evaluated the longitudinal change in physical activity and its barriers in hemodialysis (HD) patients and the association between the patterns of physical activity change, body composition, and beta-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), as circulating myokine.Methods: This is an observational study, where HD patients were considered in a 24-month follow-up. We assessed overtime the change of physical inactivity and its barriers by validated questionnaires, body composition by bioimpedance analysis, muscle strength by hand-dynamometer, and plasma BAIBA levels by liquid chromatography spectrometry. Parametric and non-parametric analyses were performed, as appropriate.Results: Out of the 49 patients studied at baseline, 39 completed the first-year follow-up, and 29 completed the second year. At month 12, active patients had higher intracellular water (ICW) (P = 0.001) and cellular mass (P < 0.001), as well as at month 24 (P = 0.012, P = 0.002; respectively) with respect to inactive. A significant reduction in ICW was shown at month 12 (P = 0.011) and month 24 (P = 0.014) in all patients. The barrier “reduced walking ability” was more frequent in inactive patients with respect to active at month 12 (P = 0.003) and at month 24 (P = 0.05). At month 24, plasma BAIBA levels were higher among active patients with respect to inactive (P = 0.043) and a correlation was seen between muscle strength and ICW (r = 0.51, P = 0.005); normalizing BAIBA per body mass index, we found it lower with respect to baseline (P = 0.004), as well as after correcting per ICW (P = 0.001), as marker of muscle mass.Conclusion: A high prevalence of physical inactivity persisted during a 24-month follow-up in this cohort. We found an association between physical activity and a decline in marker of muscularity and reduced plasma BAIBA levels.