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Background: Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior are modifiable risk factors for an unhealthy lifestyle in university students. The aim of this study was to identify subgroups among German university students with an increased risk for unhealthy behavior. For this purpose, differences in physical activity and sedentary behavior with respect to sociodemographic and study related factors were examined., Methods: A total of 4,351 students participated in an online survey. The amount of physical activity (metabolic equivalent of task-min/week) and the sitting time (h/day) were assessed using the German short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Differences in gender and age as well as field of study, targeted degree and study semester were analyzed using a single factorial ANOVA with Tukey correction or a Welch-ANOVA with Games-Howell correction., Results: For physical activity, significant differences were found for gender ( F (2, 80.46) = 17.79, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.009), for field of study ( F (5, 1738.09) = 7.41, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.01), and for study semester ( F (1, 948.12) = 5.53, p < 0.05, ηp2 =0.001), but not for age and targeted degree ( p > 0.05). For sedentary behavior, significant differences were found for field of study ( F (5, 3816) = 5.69, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.01) and targeted degree ( F (3, 3868) = 3.94, p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.003), but not for gender, age and study semester ( p > 0.05)., Conclusion: Female students, students enrolled in "natural sciences, mathematics and informatics" and first year students appear to have an increased risk of an unhealthy lifestyle. Future research should identify barriers to and incentives of physical activity as well as reasons for high amounts of SB in sub-populations of university students. Suitable prevention and intervention programs are necessary., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Edelmann, Pfirrmann, Heller, Dietz, Reichel, Werner, Schäfer, Tibubos, Deci, Letzel, Simon and Kalo.)

Background: Universities represent an important setting for health promotion. The unique collective of university students is of particular relevance since they are the leaders, decision-makers, and parents of tomorrow. In this context, modifiable health influencing factors as well as interventions to prevent these, play a crucial role. Therefore, the present umbrella review aims to (i) provide an overview of review articles addressing epidemiological issues (prevalence and determinants) of modifiable health influencing factors in university students and (ii) to provide an overview of review articles addressing the evidence of interventions to promote/enhance modifiable health influencing factors in university students. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in the databases PubMed, Cochrane Reviews Library und Web of Science according to the PRISMA guidelines. Only systematic reviews and meta-analyses were included. The AMSTAR-2-Tool was used for the quality assessment. Result: The initial search resulted in 10,726 records of which 81 fulfilled the inclusion criteria, with a further distinction in articles with an epidemiological focus ( n = 39) and in articles with interventional approaches ( n = 42). Topics of the different review articles ranged from physical activity over mental health, substance use, sleep, diet and nutrition, and media consumption. Many review articles had a specific focus on medical and nursing students and originated from the U.S.A., U.K., or China. Discussion: This umbrella review provides an overview of review articles on the epidemiology of modifiable health influencing factors and on the evidence of interventions targeting these factors among university students. Thereby, experts as well as stakeholders in the field could gain insights into crucial target points for health promotion. It identifies research gaps in terms of study region and groups of students., (Copyright © 2020 Dietz, Reichel, Edelmann, Werner, Tibubos, Schäfer, Simon, Letzel and Pfirrmann.)