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A literature review supports the notion that suicide rates are linked to the availability of lethal means. In terms of public health, prevention is therefore linked to the restriction of readily available means of suicide. If the means of suicide were less available, then suicidal persons would be less able to make lethal impulsive suicide attempts. For example, there is evidence of the effectiveness of installing a safety net at bridges which are notoriously hot spots for suicides. Evidence shows that removing safety barriers may lead to an increase in suicides from the site, and their reinstallation eliminates suicides with no apparent substitution of other sites. Other efforts to reduce pesticide suicide focus on removing the most toxic pesticides from sale, restricting access to pesticides by using locked storage boxes, improving access to emergency treatment and health care, educating about help-seeking, and providing crisis support in rural areas. Studies reported the usefulness of removing the charcoal from open shelves, so that customers need to ask a shop assistant to obtain charcoal for purchase; programs aimed at restricting charcoal in supermarkets and convenience stores have preliminary led to reducing charcoal-burning suicides. It is easier to swallow a significant amount of pills directly from the bottle than to swallow the pills one by one from the blister; therefore, the introduction of blisters led to a great reduction in deaths due to paracetamol overdose and decreased suicide attempts by this method. Other similar approaches are believed to significantly contribute to suicide prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The failure of displacement to other suicide methods by reducing some opportunities is examined, particularly regarding the detoxification of domestic gas in England and the obstacles to jumping from the Golden Gate Bridge of San Francisco. Failure of displacement seems to characterize also other behaviors such as gambling, addictions, and crime. The displacement hypothesis is linked to the fundamental error of attribution that privileges the attention given to dispositional over situational aspects. Biases related to this attribution error are examined, such as the lack of stability and coherence of dispositional aspects in time and in different situations, the lack of coherence between attitudes and behaviors, and the errors that dispositional approaches induce in the prediction of behaviors with the variation of the situations. These biases question the traditional concept of personality and its role in symptom formation and behavioral prediction, and the traditional psychological models according to which behaviors are always a consequence of personal attitudes. The role of situational aspects, especially of the so-called "channels", has important preventive and therapeutic implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The present work begins with the case of a patient who comes into therapy following an attempted suicide. Severe depression is established after the separation from her husband and the beginning of a judicial war that makes the patient feel in danger of losing the custody of her daughters and maintenance. The hypothesis is that early traumas in the patient's relationship with the maternal figure have hindered the formation of a firm self, favouring a hunger for fusion with an omnipotent and sadistic object-Self that gradually empty the core of the Self of vitality. Porges' polyvagal theory makes it possible to explain the patient's passivity and her standing on positions of defence unsuitable to face the contingent situation and to lay the foundations for greater well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the problem of the inability to separate starting from a case of love stalking, culminating in a suicide attempt. Underlying the patient's behavior are highlighted certain elements that, to varying degrees, are hypothesized to play a role in all cases in which an inability to separate occurs: an inability to grieve, linked to previous unprocessed losses, including transgenerational ones; a great fragility of the self, which acquires strength only by merging with an idealized object, linked to developmental history; a narcissistic type of relationship in which the partner ensures the cohesion of the self and in particular the disorganization of attachment. In this condition, separation can become impossible because, according to the internal model of the "dramatic triangle", which characterizes disorganized attachment, as soon as the subject tries to separate from the object that causes him to suffer (which has become persecutory), she/he takes on the role of "savior" that the subject cannot give up because of his fragility or the role of poor "victim", who cannot be abandoned, but immediately afterwards everything starts over again endlessly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the controversy between social facts in Durkheim's theory and explanations founded on a radicalized version of methodological individualism, based on cognitive neurosciences and genetic explanations. The variation of suicide rates is a theme that provides a good illustration of the two approaches. After reviewing Durkheim's inheritance and the main criticisms of his theory, the difference between etiological and morphological typologies is discussed. The theme of legitimacy is then examined from the different perspectives of the two approaches: in the first case, it depends on institutions on the basis of individuals' cognitive processes, in the second it is based on universal elements present in individuals' biological constitutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Terapia Familiare is the property of FrancoAngeli srl and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Interazioni is the property of FrancoAngeli srl and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cittadinanza Europea is the property of FrancoAngeli srl and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Terapia Familiare is the property of FrancoAngeli srl and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)