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Currently, the yellow synthetic azo dye tartrazine is widely used in such industrial fields as pharmy, food and cosmetology. The effects of tartrazine on morphological and functional state of bones as well as ways of correction of changes insufficiently studied. The aim of the study was to establish the possibilities of using Mexidol as a pharmacological corrector for changes in the chemical and mineral composition of skeletal bones in mature rats after 60 days of using tartrazine. The research was carried out on 175 white mature male rats, divided into 5 groups. 1st group - control; 2nd and 3rd groups - 1 ml of tartrazine solution was administered to rats daily intragastrically at dose 750 and 1500 mg/kg body weight respectively for 60 days; 4th and 5th groups - 1 ml of tartrazine solution was administered to rats daily intragastrically at dose 750 and 1500 mg/kg body weight respectively for 60 days and intramuscularly 5% solution of mexidol at dose 50 mg/kg body weight. The periods of observation were 3, 10, 15, 24 and 45 days after the end of 60-days tartrazine administration. The chemical and mineral composition of the humerus, hip bones, and the third lumbar vertebra were studied by gravimetric method. Also the spectrophotometry was used. The application of mexidol is accompanied by smoothing out the negative effect of 60-day tartrazine administration at dose of 7500 and 1500 mg/kg body weight on the mineral and chemical composition of the rat's skeletal bones from the 15th to the 45th days of observation. The mineral and chemical structure of bones was recovered to control values more quickly in group with the use of tartrazine at dose of 750 mg/kg body weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we studied the peculiarities of cyclophosphamide and imunofan effect on the processes of apoptosis and necrosis in Peyer's patches of the rats' small intestine. The study was conducted on 18 white mature rats, which were divided into three groups. Group I was administered imunofan according to the scheme on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 of the experiment at a dose of 0.7 pg/kg of body weight of the animal, Group II was administered cyclophosphamide once at a dose of 200 mg/kg (for 1 day), then imunofan according to scheme (on the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th day of the experiment) at a dose of 0.7 pg/kg body weight of the animal, and Group III - intact animals served. Ultrathin sections of Peyer's patches of the rats' small intestine were prepared and studied under electron microscope with further photographing. Mostly one type of cell death - apoptosis is detected in group I animals on the 7th and 30th day of the experiment in Peyer's patches. The number of cells with apoptosis is directly proportional to the observation period, which seems to indicate the ability of imunofan to influence this process, maintaining the constancy of Peyer's patches cellular composition in small intestine. In animals of group II, on the 7th day of the experiment, both apoptosis and necrosis take place, and on the 30th day it is mainly apoptosis. Apparently, this is due to the immunosuppressive effect of cyclophosphamide on the lymphocytes of Peyer's patches of the small intestine, which manifests itself in the early period of the experiment after correction by the immunomodulator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]