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In 2011, the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF) launched the Data.bnf research and development project to meet 3 main goals: to bring together in a single portal the data produced with different formats of the catalogue and the various applications of the BnF, to increase its visibility and promote its reuse by applying the technologies of the semantic web and to experiment a new way of structuring information based on IFLA’s conceptual models, thus foreshadowing the catalogue of the future. The contribution aims to trace the innovations that are partially appreciable and partially in the process of being implemented by Data.bnf, which, while remaining stable in its primary goals, has continued to evolve to improve accessibility and functions and adapt to the needs of users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2011, the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BNF) launched the Data.bnf research and development project to meet 3 main goals: to bring together in a single portal the data produced with different formats of the catalogue and the various applications of the BNF, to increase its visibility and promote its reuse by applying the technologies of the semantic web and to experiment a new way of structuring information based on IFLA's conceptual models, thus foreshadowing the catalogue of the future. The contribution aims to trace the innovations that are partially appreciable and partially in the process of being implemented by Data.bnf, which, while remaining stable in its primary goals, has continued to evolve to improve accessibility and functions and adapt to the needs of users.

The aim of this paper is to study the technological implementation of the emergent bibliographic models (IFLA LRM in particular) taking into account one of the most widespread platforms for the semantic web, namely Wikibase. Different initiatives of implementation of LRM have been taken into account, included: a) a prototype cataloging interface; b)the implementation of the new cataloging system for the Bibliothéque Nationale de France (Bnf); c) a test of use of one of the feature of the Wikibase data model - namely the "qualifier" - to find a sustainable solution for the LRM nomen entity. Wikibase and his data model cannot be considered the magical unicorn that solves all problems. More in-depth analysis and tests are needed, but - as an intermediate result - we can consider Wikibase a promising platform also in the bibliographic field with a low entry barrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nell’ultimo decennio numerose realtà disciplinari e professionali hanno rivisitato i metodi e le pratiche con cui pubblicare i propri dati. Biblioteche, musei e archivi hanno visto nei Linked Open Data una possibilità di rinnovamento, di ritorno di visibilità e di coinvolgimento come soggetti attivi nelle dinamiche del Web. Sforzi notevoli sono stati fatti nella creazione di dataset a disposizione di una non meglio definita iper-specialistica audience di Digital Humanists, bibliotecari e archivisti, serviti a compendio dei tradizionali sistemi informativi. Ma i dati sono oggetti vivi, soggetti ad arricchimento, modifica e aggiornamento e, coerentemente con gli obiettivi appena menzionati, i Linked Open Data non possono risiedere in luoghi separati da quelli in cui tali cambiamenti avvengono. In risposta a tali problemi, numerosi progetti di creazione di sistemi collaborativi di catalogazione e descrizione archivistica nativi Linked Open Data stanno nascendo. In questo contributo si vuole vagliare lo stato dell’arte dei sistemi esistenti e fornire una visione d’insieme sulle problematiche che questi pongono.

The aim of this paper is to study the technological implementation of the emergent bibliographic models (IFLA LRM in particular) taking into account one of the most widespread platforms for the semantic web, namely Wikibase. Different initiatives of implementation of LRM have been taken into account, included: a) a prototype cataloging interface; b)the implementation of the new cataloging system for the Bibliothéque Nationale de France (Bnf); c) a test of use of one of the feature of the Wikibase data model - namely the "qualifier"- to find a sustainable solution for the LRM nomen entity. Wikibase and his data model cannot be considered the magical unicorn that solves all problems. More in-depth analysis and tests are needed, but – as an intermediate result – we can consider Wikibase a promising platform also in the bibliographic field with a low entry barrier.

In recent years, thesauri have taken on new roles, new functions, and have shown some advantages over other knowledge organitazion systems (KOS). They are increasingly important in the linked data environment of the semantic web. The Nuovo soggettario, created and maintained by the National Central Library of Florence, is an example of the changing uses of controlled subject systems, like thesauri and subject heading lists. Thesauri are shown to be dynamic tools, essential components for the integration of data on the web, especially for mapping and to assist with interoperability among heterogeneous resources. With the adoption of formats of the semantic web, such as RDF/SKOS, and following international standards, thesauri have evolved and have proven to be increasingly useful with free reuse and across various frameworks. To varying degrees, they have enabled increased multilingualism and conceptual equivalences, connecting information and metadata produced by institutions of different countries. As authority control systems, they interact with Wikidata and help build 'bridges' between worlds that were too far apart until not long ago, namely libraries, archives, and museums. Will the challenge of search engines, machine learning and artificial intelligence override the thesauri or will it make them even more involved? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se resume la gestación y desarrollo de Hispana: Acceso en línea al patrimonio cultural sobre el protocolo Open Archives Initiative, y su evolución basada en una estrategia del Ministerio de Cultura de España de convocar ayudas para el desarrollo de proyectos de digitalización normalizados. Se analizan brevemente los efectos de los cambios en la estructura de datos de Europeana y su reflejo en las instituciones de memoria europeas y españolas.

In the last years cultural heritage institutions have radically changed the way they publish their data. Publishing Linked Open Data (LOD) offers many advantages, in terms of innovation, visibility, and engagement with patrons. New data are served along with legacy services and data, via dedicated interfaces that allow developers and Digital Humanists to access specialised information. However, Linked data are living entities that change over time and require expensive curatorial activities, and should not be misaligned with respect to original data. To cope with this problem, several LOD-native cataloguing systems have been created. In this article an overview of current projects for LOD-native cataloguing is provided. Projects and systems are analysed with respect to related problems and benefits.

The aim of this work is to present the project of authority data integration from the SHARE Catalogue, a University Consortium bibliographic catalogue in linked open data, to Wikidata. After a brief description of Wikidata collaborative approach, and how the community creates and enriches its contents, we will focus on some international experiences which are particularly significant. We will then describe the design, analysis and implementation of the first phase of the SHARE-Wikidata project. Finally, we will show the advantages of using Wikidata in terms of analysis, evolution and enrichment of catalogues and, at the same time, how useful it is to include data from authoritative sources for Wikidata.

The article deals with the topic of the semantic web and the publication in linked open data of information relating to cultural heritage. In particular, the article analyzes the ontology registers, i.e. those tools that formally describe the ontological models available on the web and facilitate their retrieval and evaluation, encouraging their reuse and facilitating semantic alignment and interoperability processes. The ontology registers respond effectively to the absence of reference and orientation tools in the conceptual modeling processes of information and have been successfully tested in different domains, but are still unpublished in the cultural sphere. The examination of the initiatives carried out in the last decade in the field of cultural heritage has clearly highlighted the lack of a consolidated epistemological structure in the conceptual modeling of information resources, despite the numerous ontologies created according to the multiple linked open data publication projects. Consequently, it is often difficult to fully understand all the ontologies available in relation to your area of interest and to obtain in a smooth and systematic way a reliable assessment of their representative capacity and their degree of semantic interoperability. The analysis of the main registers of ontologies so far created outside the domain of cultural heritage has made it possible to identify and define the requirements of a register of ontologies for cultural heritage, and to elaborate the relative ontology. The clarification of the requirements also took into account a peculiar function that the registers could play in the cultural domain, as tools to support some features of a digital library of cultural heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarizes the gestation and development of Hispana, that provides online access to Spanish cultural heritage on the Open Archives Initiative protocol, and its evolution based on a strategy of the Spanish Ministry of Culture to grant the development of standardized digitization projects. It is analyzed the effects of the data structure of Europeana, Europeana Data Model, and its reflection in the European and Spanish memory institutions. Finally, the main problems of Hispana and Europeana as cultural heritage information systems are analyzed, especially from the point of view of the search interfaces, and the dissemination and visibility of cultural heritage in other areas such as education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In library catalogs as much as on the web, metadata acts as a transparent language through which concrete objects are looked for, found and obtained. Past decades have seen web browsing evolving so as to, by reducing query time to a slight amount, make web surfers forget that they are looking for things online: through this, online querying has become as trivial and invisible as would be the use of a currency as a medium of exchange. In fact, metadata sets and currencies share in the contemporary world a common nature, or at least universal principles: both are measuring the value of things in regard to people’s need (of which search engine queries can be seen as a manifestation), and both can be viewed as temporary substitutes to those needed things before their obtention. The following article will thus examine both the transparency and materiality of bibliographical data firstly by demonstrating its monetary aspect, secondly by showing its materiality, and thirdly by explaining how the adoption of Linked Open Data standards contributes to the reification of data itself. Its argumentation is for its bigger part drawn from the data.bnf.fr experiment, which has been launched in 2011. This website is a project of the National Library of France, aiming at disseminating data from the BnF various catalogs and applications while constituting a single point of access for users from the web to collections descriptions scattered across many search tools. As this website principles are based on both online visibility and linked open data dissemination, this article will try to demonstrate how those two principles are going hand in hand.

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Starting from the consideration that UNIMARC (and in general the MARC) is in fact an ontology, this contribution proposes to make it explicit and to convert it – only at a syntactic level – in Linked Data / RDF structures through the use of the Wikibase data model. The outcome could therefore become not only the publication of data as LOD, but also an environment for the production of bibliographic data, that allows different ontological approaches. We illustrate the possibility to achieve a restructuring of the UNIMARC record into distinct items by data type (potentially referred also to the different FRBR entities), retaining the possibility to recover all the information of the original format. Then we highlight the Wikibase solutions that become exploitable for the MARC: “usable version” of the record, with explicitation of the encoded values, and definitions connected to the data in the same system; identification of univocal data with URIs, as required in the context of the semantic web; source of the data recorded for each field; statistics on the presence of fields and subfields; new storage format natively designed for collaborative editing; export of all elements in standard RDF; support of modification via open API.

The contribution discusses some considerations on the changes of the bibliographic universe, with particular attention to the changes due to the application of RDA guidelines on cataloguing and considering also a new-generation ILS presented on May 27th 2015 during a seminar held at the University of Florence. Developed by @Cult, the ILS Olisuite/WeCat allows the generation of bibliographic descriptions by creating data in Linked Open Data compatible format, while taking into account the relevant of records created with MARC21. Theoretical and technological models of reference are BIBFRAME and Semantic Web protocols, which are essential for a catalogue based on the functions to "identify" and to "connect" entities using the entities and relationships attributes.

The aim of this work is to present the project of authority data integration from the SHARE Catalogue, a University Consortium bibliographic catalogue in linked open data, to Wikidata. After a brief description of Wikidata collaborative approach, and how the community creates and enriches its contents, we will focus on some international experiences which are particularly significant. We will then describe the design, analysis and implementation of the first phase of the SHARE Wikidata project. Finally, we will show the advantages of using Wikidata in terms of analysis, evolution and enrichment of catalogues and, at the same time, how useful it is to include data from authoritative sources for Wikidata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from the consideration that UNIMARC (and in general the MARC) is in fact an ontology, this contribution proposes to make it explicit and to convert it - only at a syntactic level - Linked Data / RDF structures through the use of the Wikibase data model. The outcome could therefore become not only the publication of data as LOD, but also an environment for the production of bibliographic data that allows different ontological approaches. We illustrate the possibility to achieve a restructuring of the UNIMARC record into distinct items by data type (potentially referred also to the different FRBR entities), retaining the possibility to recover all the information of the original format. Then we highlight the Wikibase solutions that become exploitable for the MARC: "usable version" of the record, with explicitation of the encoded values, and definitions connected to the data in the same system; identification of univocal data with URIs, as required in the context of the semantic web; source of the data recorded for each field; statistics on the presence of fields and subfields; new storage format natively designed for collaborative editing; export of all elements in standard RDF; support of modification via open API. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In library catalogs as much as on the web, metadata acts as a transparent language through which concrete objects are looked for, found and obtained. Past decades have seen web browsing evolving so as to, by reducing query time to a slight amount, make web surfers forget that they are looking for things online: through this, online querying has become as trivial and invisible as would be the use of a currency as a medium of exchange. In fact, metadata sets and currencies share in the contemporary world a common nature, or at least universal principles: both are measuring the value of things in regard to people's need (of which search engine queries can be seen as a manifestation), and both can be viewed as temporary substitutes to those needed things before their obtention. The following article will thus examine both the transparency and materiality of bibliographical data firstly by demonstrating its monetary aspect, secondly by showing its materiality, and thirdly by explaining how the adoption of Linked Open Data standards contributes to the reification of data itself. Its argumentation is for its bigger part drawn from the data.bnf.fr experiment, which has been launched in 2011. This website is a project of the National Library of France, aiming at disseminating data from the BnF various catalogs and applications while constituting a single point of access for users from the web to collections descriptions scattered across many search tools. As this website principles are based on both online visibility and linked open data dissemination, this article will try to demonstrate how those two principles are going hand in hand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contribution discusses some considerations on the changes of the bibliographic universe, with particular attention to the changes due to the application of RDA guidelines on cataloguing and considering also a new-generation ILS presented on May 27th 2015 during a seminar held at the University of Florence. Developed by @Cult, the ILS Olisuite/WeCat allows the generation of bibliographic descriptions by creating data in Linked Open Data compatible format, while taking into account the relevant of records created with MARC21. Theoretical and technological models of reference are BIBFRAME and Semantic Web protocols, which are essential for a catalogue based on the functions to "identify" and to "connect" entities using the entities and relationships attributes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]