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Table S3. Prevalence and confidence intervals by country and geographical area grouped for the GLM analysis. (DOCX 78 kb)

Table S1. Avian haemosporidian haplotypes prevalence with country, locality, latitude, longitude and altitude. (DOCX 45 kb)

Table S2. Avian haemosporidian haplotypes used in phylogenetic reconstruction, with GenBank accession number and country. (DOCX 49 kb)

Table S7. Pairwise Φst values calculated from mtDNA Plasmodium sequences between countries and geographical areas of Chile. (DOCX 43 kb)

Figure S1. Bayesian phylogenetic reconstructions of Haemoproteus and Plasmodium species with available cyt b sequences (441 bp). Posterior probabilities of branch support are shown. Outgroup taxa correspond to Leucocytozoon toddy. (DOCX 224 kb)

Table S5. Pairwise Φst values calculated from mtDNA Haemoproteus sequences between countries and geographical areas of Chile. (DOCX 44 kb)

Table S6. Pairwise Fst values calculated from mtDNA Plasmodium sequences between countries and geographical areas of Chile. (DOCX 43 kb)

Table S4. Pairwise Fst values calculated from mtDNA Haemoproteus sequences between countries and geographical areas of Chile. (DOCX 45 kb)

Figure S4. Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC). The six genetic clusters identified by Adegenet are shown in different colors. All six groups overlapped extensively, and none of them represent a specific colony. (DOCX 16 kb)

Pairwise Ka/Ks comparison of sequence divergence for the 13 mitochondria protein-coding genes. (DOCX 44 kb)

Estimates of Evolutionary Divergence between Sequences. (DOCX 21 kb)

Estimates of Evolutionary Divergence between Sequences. (DOCX 21 kb)

Pairwise Ka/Ks comparison of sequence divergence for the 13 mitochondria protein-coding genes. (DOCX 44 kb)

Figure S2. Plot of assignment probabilities from BAPS. Vertical lines represent each individual and the color refers to clusters found through this analysis. A) spatial with both, mixture and admixture models (K = 1) and B) non-spatial admixture model (K = 7). (DOCX 16 kb)

Figure S1. Plot of assignment probabilities from STRUCTURE. A vertical bar represents an individual, and colors represent the different clusters found. All plots were generated via running 10 replicates. Figures show the optimal number of clusters for no admixture model, with independent allele frequency and no location information supplied using A) Posterior probability of K (LnP(D)) and B) Evanno’s method. (DOCX 20 kb)

Example of matrix between the environmental distance (ENDIST), chlorophyll (CHL) in this example, and the the Ka/Ks. Then environmental data (CHL) were grouped in three class distances for the GLM and Mantel tests. (DOCX 35 kb)

Example of matrix between the environmental distance (ENDIST), chlorophyll (CHL) in this example, and the the Ka/Ks. Then environmental data (CHL) were grouped in three class distances for the GLM and Mantel tests. (DOCX 35 kb)

Significant values of GLM and Mantel Test for Ka/Ks ratio and nucleotide diversity (π) for each gene and environmental data (SST, CHL, COM) at different class distance. (DOCX 26 kb)

Significant values of GLM and Mantel Test for Ka/Ks ratio and nucleotide diversity (π) for each gene and environmental data (SST, CHL, COM) at different class distance. (DOCX 26 kb)