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Additional file 1: Supplementary figure 1. Conceptual framework. Supplementary table 1 Internal consistency and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) results.

Figure S2. Breast cancer-secreted EVs did not regulate osteoclast differentiation. Mouse bone marrow cells were cultured in 40 ng/ml M-CSF for 3 days before EV treatment and further induction of osteoclast differentiation with 40 ng/ml M-CSF and 100 ng/ml RANKL for up to 7 days. a Representative TRAP staining images of EV-treated osteoclasts after 7 days of differentiation. b Quantitative analysis of TRAP staining in (a). Mature osteoclasts were identified as multinucleated TRAP+ cells. c Relative RNA level of osteoclast differentiation marker genes Trap and Ctsk normalized to Rpl19 in primary pre-osteoclast cells treated with indicated EVs and induced for osteoclast differentiation for 5 days. (PDF 318 kb)

Figure S1. EV characterization. a EVs pelleted at 110,000 Ă g were analyzed by nanoparticle tracking analysis. b Density measurement and Western blot of EV fractions collected from indicated cell lines to detect EV markers. c Density measurement and RT-qPCR of EV fractions collected from indicated cell lines to detect miR-218 levels. (PDF 1060 kb)

Figure S3. miR-218 regulated inhibin β expression and enhanced SMAD signaling in MCF-7 cells. a Western blot analyses of inhibin βB and inhibin βA in miRNA mimic-transfected MCF-7 cells at 48 h after transfection. b Western blot analyses of phospho-SMAD2/3 in MCF-7 cells that were serum-starved overnight and then treated with CM collected from indicated cells for 30 min. The CM-producing cells were transfected, PBS washed at 48 h after transfection, and then incubated with serum-free medium overnight before CM collection. c Western blot analysis of inhibin α in MCF-7 cells. WCL of MCF10A was used as a positive control. (PDF 145 kb)