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Additional file 1: Table S1. Information of NADPH-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase. Table S2. Information of selected alcohol dehydrogenase. Table S3. The mutation sites of the PROSS mutants. Table S4. Thermal stability of the recombinant LkADH. Table S5. Activity half-life of the recombinant CbADH-6M. Figure S1. Multiple sequence alignment of alcohol dehydrogenases. Figure S2. SDS-PAGE analysis of the protein expression of the alcohol dehydrogenases. Figure S3. SDS-PAGE analysis of the protein expression at different inducing temperatures. Figure S4. SDS-PAGE analysis of the protein expression at different IPTG concentration. Figure S5. CbADH activity of molecular chaperones co-expression strains. Fig S6. SDS-PAGE analysis of protein expression of molecular chaperones co-expression strains. Fig S7. Multiple sequence alignment of CbADH mutant. Fig S8. SDS-PAGE analysis of protein expression of PROSS mutants. Fig S9. Protein purification of PROSS mutants. Fig S10 HPLC spectrum of (S)-1-phenylethanol. Fig S11. HPLC spectrum of (S)-1-(4-methylphenyl)ethanol. Fig S12. HPLC spectrum of (S)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethanol. Fig S13. HPLC spectrum of (S)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanol. Fig S14. HPLC spectrum of (S)-1-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)ethanol.

G-4 inactivates YAP in colorectal cancer cells. a G-4 treatment (6 h, 5, 10, 20 μM) induces YAP phosphorylation in cytosol and decreases YAP levels in nucleus of HCT8/Tax cells. b G-4 (10 μM) decreases YAP nuclear localization in HCT8/Tax cells. YAP subcellular localization was determined by immunofluorescence staining for endogenous YAP (green) along with DAPI for DNA (blue). ** P

G-4 (10 μM) decreased viability and suppressed cell colony formation, migration and invasion. a MTT assay for cell viability. HCT8 and 15/Tax cells were treated with G-4 for 48 h. b Effect of G-4 on cell colony formation. HCT8/Tax cells were seeded into 6-well plates and 9 days later, the colonies were stained with crystal violet, photographed (upper panel) and counted (lower panel). Scale bar: 5 mm. c Effect of G-4 on cell migration in HCT8/Tax cells. Cells were seeded into 6-well plates at 70–80% confluence. Cell migration was monitored by optical inspection for 24 h using a microscope and pictures were taken at 0 and 24 h (upper panel) and quantified (lower panel). d Effect of G-4 on cell invasion in HCT8/Tax cells. Invasion assay was conducted utilizing transwell chambers. The invaded cells were photographed (upper panel) and quantified (lower panel). ** P

YAP and COX-2 were essential for the effect of G-4 and acted synergistically to overcome the resistance. a Cell viability analysis in YAP or COX-2 expressing vector-transfected cells treated with G-4 (10 μM) for 48 h. **P

G-4 disturbed YAP-TEAD interaction. a G-4 treatment disturbed the YAP-TEAD1 interaction in the nucleus of HCT8/Tax cells. The YAP-TEAD1 interaction was probed in cells 4 h after G-4 treatment and in untreated cells using co-IP. b ChIP analysis of YAP interaction with the Cyr 61 and COX-2 promoter in HCT8/Tax cells. YAP was examined in cells 4 h after G-4 treatment and in untreated cells. ** P