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Diagram of phenotyping husk traits. (A) husk number; (B) husk length; (C) husk width; (D) husk thickness.. (PPTX 346 kb)

Relative expression pattern of 10 selective genes in husk versus other tissues verified using RT-qPCR . The expression in each tissue was first normalized using the UBQ1 (GRMZM2G409726). Y-axis: the relative expression of each gene in husk relative to other tissues as indicated (log2 scale). Data is shown as the mean Âą SD of three independent experiments. (PPTX 71 kb)

GWAS-derived Manhattan plots showing significant P-values associated with husk traits using GLM. Each dot represents an SNP. The horizontal dashed blue line represents the Bonferroni-corrected significant threshold 5.2Ă 10-7. (A) HN; (B) HL; (C) HW; (D) HT. (PPTX 163 kb)