Search

Additional file 1: Table S1. Characteristics of the included studies in the meta-analysis. Table S2. Descriptive statistics of growth performance, digestibility and feed efficiency, rumen parameter, blood parameter, and faecal parameter of pre-weaning calves supplied with probiotics.

Additional file 3: Fig. S2. Risk of bias graph depicting review authors’ judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.

Additional file 2: Fig. S1. The flowchart of the search strategy and selection of eligible studies for meta-analysis of the effects of probiotics on pre-weaning dairy calves.

Additional file 4: Fig. S3. Risk of bias summary depicting authors’ judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.