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Overview of the study design and experimental groups. Diagram of the timing of major components of the experiment, including introduction and weaning of total parenteral nutrition (TPN), introduction and ramp-up of enteral formula feeding, and the time of euthanasia and tissue collection for the three experimental groups. (PDF 86Â kb)

Relative abundance of the seven most abundant genera in intestinal mucosal tissue, comparing Healthy to NEC. Box-and-whisker plots for genus-level comparisons between piglets which developed NEC and those which did not develop NEC during the course 41 of the experiment, using samples of ileum and colon mucosal tissue from all piglets which were fed one of the three different formulas; Holm-Bonferroni adjusted Mann-Whitney U tests. (PDF 183Â kb)

Relative abundance of the top 4 most abundant classes in gastrointestinal contents, comparing across the different formula groups. Box-and-whisker plots for class-level comparisons of bacteria detected in pigletsâ stomach, ileum, and colon luminal contents. Groups include all piglets which were fed one of the three different formulas; Holm-Bonferroni adjusted Kruskal-Wallis tests. (PDF 162Â kb)

Gene expression of major inflammatory cytokines. Samples from distal ileum tissue from a subset of the pigs in this study were assessed for expression of inflammation-related genes using real-time reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Holm-Bonferroni adjusted Mann-Whitney U test. (PDF 64Â kb)

Heatmap of plasma metabolite profiles clustered by formula carbohydrate and disease phenotype. Shows the relative concentration of the top 50 metabolites with the largest differences between healthy and NEC piglets. All metabolites included are significantly different (FDR-adjusted q

Description of metabolomic platform, analysis pipeline, and compound identification. (DOCX 16Â kb)

Relative abundance of the four most abundant classes in intestinal mucosal tissue, comparing Healthy to NEC. Box-and-whisker plots for class-level comparisons between piglets which developed NEC and those which did not develop NEC during the course of the experiment, using samples of ileum and colon mucosal tissue from all piglets which were fed one of the three different formulas; Holm-Bonferroni adjusted Mann-Whitney U tests. (PDF 138Â kb)

Plot of terminal ileum villus height in individual pigs from newborn, healthy, and NEC groups over the entire study period. (PDF 80Â kb)

Relative abundance of the seven most abundant genera in intestinal mucosal tissue, comparing across the different formula groups. Box-and-whisker plots for genus-level comparisons of bacteria detected in pigletsâ ileum and colon mucosal tissue. Groups include all piglets which were fed one of the three different formulas; Holm-Bonferroni adjusted Kruskal-Wallis tests. (PDF 185Â kb)

Relative abundance of the four most abundant classes in gastrointestinal contents, comparing Healthy to NEC. Box-and-whisker plots for class-level comparisons between piglets which developed NEC and those which did not develop NEC during the course of the experiment, using samples of stomach, ileum, and colon luminal contents from all piglets which were fed one of the three different formulas; Holm-Bonferroni adjusted Mann-Whitney U tests. (PDF 159Â kb)