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Introduction: Antibiotic usage for bacterial infections causes antibiotic resistance in bacteria. One is extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), which produces Klebsiella pneumoniae, a pathogen responsible for increased antibiotic resistance. Basil (Ocimum sanctum) is a candidate for combination therapy. It has been proven to have antibacterial effects. However, its combination with antibiotics is rarely researched. This study evaluated the antibacterial effects of O. sanctum leaf extract and meropenem combination against ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae. Methods: This study used the disk diffusion method. The extract was tested for each experiment at 6%, 4%, 2%, 1%, and 0.5% concentration. The research was divided into two experiments to evaluate the antibacterial effects of O. sanctum leaf extract (n=18) and its combination with meropenem against ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae (n=18). The data was analyzed using the International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0 for Windows. A probability p

Highlights: 1. Carrots (Daucus carota L.) can reduce the side effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) due to its gastroprotective components. 2. Histopathological studies of the gastric inflammation signs showed that carrots can prevent NSAID-induced peptic ulcers. Abstract Introduction: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) consumption contributes significantly to gastrointestinal morbidity, including peptic ulcers. NSAIDs cause gastric mucosal damage by inhibiting PGE2 and PGI2 secretion, increasing HCl secretion, and also causing local irritation and neutrophil adhesion. Flavonoids and chlorogenic acid are gastroprotective agents found in carrots (Daucus carota L.). Therefore, this study aimed to validate the effect of carrots on gastric histopathology of piroxicam-induced mice. Methods: This was an experimental study using a post-test-only control group design. 35 mice were divided into 5 groups and were allowed to adapt for 1 week. The negative control group received 0.25 mL aqua dest, while the positive control group received 0.104 mg famotidine. Group A, B, and C received carrot extract with each dosage was 200 mg/kgBW, 300 mg/kgBW, and 400 mg/kgBW. The mice were induced 2 hours later with 0.052 mg piroxicam. The treatments lasted 14 days. Each stomach was taken and examined on the 15th day. Afterward, histopathological preparations were made. Results: The results of the histopathological signs of inflammation using the Kruskal-Wallis method showed p = 0.000, indicating that there was an effect of the carrot extract in preventing the inflammation on the gastric histopathology (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, this study confirmed that carrot extract is more effective in avoiding peptic ulcers due to NSAID consumption.

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that involves the urinary tract, including the urethra, bladder, ureter, and kidneys. UTI is caused by microorganisms that breed in the urinary tract which are supposed to be free of microorganisms. Two bacterias that cause UTI in general are Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. UTI can occur at any age but generally occurs in the elderly. UTI caused by gram-negative bacteria can be killed with several examples of antibiotics namely amikacin, ceftazidime, meropenem and nitrofurantoin. These antibiotics found resistance to the bacteria that cause the UTI. This research is to determine the resistance patterns of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria against amikacin, ceftazidime, meropenem, nitrofurantoin antibiotics in elderly patients with UTI in Dr. Soetomo Surabaya January-June 2017 period. Methods: A descriptive retrospective study in accordance with the logbook data of Clinical Microbiology Installation at Dr. RSUD. Soetomo Surabaya. Data from this study were taken from all populations that met the inclusion criteria. The results are presented by tables. Results: There are 163 elderly patient data which diagnosed with urinary tract infection. Escherichia coli resistance pattern against ceftazidime (75.6%), nitrofurantoin (12.6%) and meropenem (2.4%). Meanwhile, Klebsiella pneumoniae against ceftazidime (72.2%), nitrofurantoin (55.6%), meropenem (11.1%) and amikacin (2.8%). Conclusion: There were resistance number of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria against antibiotics amikacin, ceftazidime, meropenem, nitrofurantoin in elderly patients with UTI.