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Youth leadership development is one of the important agenda needed in the country's development agenda as outlined in the ‘Transformasi Nasional 2050’ (TN 50) (Najib Razak, 2017). The involvement of young leaders can be strengthened through wider exposure and professional training, including via mentoring that enhances Positive Youth Development among youths. Thus, mentoring has the potential in providing that kind of learning process. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the process of mentoring towards PYD and how protégé enhanced connection in the mentoring process? Therefore, the question addressed in this paper is how mentoring contributes to the process of connection building to youth to develop their leadership ability and eventually fulfilling the overall PYD needs.

This is a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the relationship between the sociodemographic factors, parental attachment and the level of health literacy awareness and practice among Malaysian adolescents. Data were collected on a sample of 506 adolescents aged 15-17 years. The research instrument used was a self-administered questionnaire comprising of items eliciting information on health literacy (pertaining to awareness and practice), socio demographic factors and parental attachment. The results showed the level of health literacy awareness among Malaysian adolescents was moderate (M=3.55, SD=0.54) and the level of health literacy practice was high (M=3.69, SD=0.56). The study also revealed health literacy was influenced by gender, ethnicity, place of residence, household income and parental attachment. The study demonstrates there is a relationship between socio-demographic factors, parental attachment and the level of health literacy awareness and practice, thus to enhance the level of health literacy among adolescents, the government and other agencies related to health care should ensure demographic factors and parental attachment are taken into account when dealing with health literacy among adolescents.

Community engagement has been acknowledged as a core function of higher education, along with research and teaching which helps in promoting economic, environmental and socio-cultural development of communities. This article explores the barriers obstructing community engagement activities in Nigerian higher education. Kwara State University, Malete, being an institution with the philosophy of community development is an interesting case in this study. Using in-depth semi-structured qualitative interviews, nine professors of the university were asked to reflect on how they develop academic career through community engagement activities. From data analysis, even though there is documentary evidence on the remarkable successes been achieved and reported with regard to community engagement activities and outreaches by the professors which help to sustain professional identities and, in turn, career development. Four factors were found as a barrier obstructing the professors’ participation in community engagement activities and outreaches. These were, (a) Educational gap between professors and community members, (b) lack of funds to execute community development projects, (c) time constraint due to multiple engagements, and (d) resistant to change by community members. This study discussion and recommendations are timely, as it concludes with a number of crucial issues that future on community engagement in Nigerian higher education need to address.

Volunteerism refers to intangible contributions of time and effort spent to help those people in straitened circumstances in a community. Volunteerism is a type of philanthropic behavior. This study explored how social network acts as a mediator in the relationships between coping strategies and social trust with volunteerism in community healthcare in Malaysia. This study used a correlational research design involving 300 community health workers (CHWs) under MERCY Malaysia, a non-government organization (NGO) in the health sector. Data were analysed using a two-step approach in structural equation modeling (SEM). Results showed that social network mediated the relationship between taskoriented coping and volunteerism in community healthcare. This study gives insights to managers and NGOs in hiring and retaining CHWs in community development work based on a developing country context.

This paper is about an experience of conducting a first interview of an executive in a Malaysian public research and development organization. The purpose of this phenomenological interview is to explore the executive’s experience on his decision to stay with the organization from the Human Resource Development perspective. It is a first hand experience from the interviewee’s own language. The findings may provide better understanding why people stay in their current position especially in a public research and development organization by using phenomenological case study approach. A descriptive steps taken in conducting a phenomenological interview and problems throughout the interview is discussed and will be a guide to improve in the future interviews with other future relevant respondents of this study. The researcher ends with practical suggestions from her experience in conducting future interviews. The findings show pattern of codes and categories in accordance to the research questions through the researcher’s analytic lens. These findings are summarized in a matrix form to show how it fits in the theory used and will be used to develop a code book and thus developing the themes that will lead towards the development of theory.

This is a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the relationship between the sociodemographic factors, parental attachment and the level of health literacy awareness and practice among Malaysian adolescents. Data were collected on a sample of 506 adolescents aged 15-17 years. The research instrument used was a self-administered questionnaire comprising of items eliciting information on health literacy (pertaining to awareness and practice), socio demographic factors and parental attachment. The results showed the level of health literacy awareness among Malaysian adolescents was moderate (M=3.55, SD=0.54) and the level of health literacy practice was high (M=3.69, SD=0.56). The study also revealed health literacy was influenced by gender, ethnicity, place of residence, household income and parental attachment. The study demonstrates there is a relationship between socio-demographic factors, parental attachment and the level of health literacy awareness and practice, thus to enhance the level of health literacy among adolescents, the government and other agencies related to health care should ensure demographic factors and parental attachment are taken into account when dealing with health literacy among adolescents.

Volunteerism refers to intangible contributions of time and effort spent to help those people in straitened circumstances in a community. Volunteerism is a type of philanthropic behavior. This study explored how social network acts as a mediator in the relationships between coping strategies and social trust with volunteerism in community healthcare in Malaysia. This study used a correlational research design involving 300 community health workers (CHWs) under MERCY Malaysia, a non-government organization (NGO) in the health sector. Data were analysed using a two-step approach in structural equation modeling (SEM). Results showed that social network mediated the relationship between taskoriented coping and volunteerism in community healthcare. This study gives insights to managers and NGOs in hiring and retaining CHWs in community development work based on a developing country context.

Community engagement has been acknowledged as a core function of higher education, along with research and teaching which helps in promoting economic, environmental and socio-cultural development of communities. This article explores the barriers obstructing community engagement activities in Nigerian higher education. Kwara State University, Malete, being an institution with the philosophy of community development is an interesting case in this study. Using in-depth semi-structured qualitative interviews, nine professors of the university were asked to reflect on how they develop academic career through community engagement activities. From data analysis, even though there is documentary evidence on the remarkable successes been achieved and reported with regard to community engagement activities and outreaches by the professors which help to sustain professional identities and, in turn, career development. Four factors were found as a barrier obstructing the professors’ participation in community engagement activities and outreaches. These were, (a) Educational gap between professors and community members, (b) lack of funds to execute community development projects, (c) time constraint due to multiple engagements, and (d) resistant to change by community members. This study discussion and recommendations are timely, as it concludes with a number of crucial issues that future on community engagement in Nigerian higher education need to address.

This paper is about an experience of conducting a first interview of an executive in a Malaysian public research and development organization. The purpose of this phenomenological interview is to explore the executive’s experience on his decision to stay with the organization from the Human Resource Development perspective. It is a first hand experience from the interviewee’s own language. The findings may provide better understanding why people stay in their current position especially in a public research and development organization by using phenomenological case study approach. A descriptive steps taken in conducting a phenomenological interview and problems throughout the interview is discussed and will be a guide to improve in the future interviews with other future relevant respondents of this study. The researcher ends with practical suggestions from her experience in conducting future interviews. The findings show pattern of codes and categories in accordance to the research questions through the researcher’s analytic lens. These findings are summarized in a matrix form to show how it fits in the theory used and will be used to develop a code book and thus developing the themes that will lead towards the development of theory.

Youth leadership development is one of the important agenda needed in the country's development agenda as outlined in the ‘Transformasi Nasional 2050’ (TN 50) (Najib Razak, 2017). The involvement of young leaders can be strengthened through wider exposure and professional training, including via mentoring that enhances Positive Youth Development among youths. Thus, mentoring has the potential in providing that kind of learning process. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore the process of mentoring towards PYD and how protégé enhanced connection in the mentoring process? Therefore, the question addressed in this paper is how mentoring contributes to the process of connection building to youth to develop their leadership ability and eventually fulfilling the overall PYD needs.

This paper discusses the profiling of young Malaysian volunteers who were members of professional volunteer organizations. The subjects in the study were volunteers from 26 different volunteer organizations serving the community at local and international levels. Data for the study were collected via a questionnaire survey. There were 337 respondents, 225 of whom worked for local volunteer organizations while 112 were volunteers for international organizations. They were between the ages of 15 and 30 (M age = 22.8, SD = 5.65). Using the Volunteer Function Inventory (VFI) by the Fetzer Institute, six dimensions were extracted from the data following a factor analysis. These dimensions were then incorporated into a model of philanthropy and volunteerism based on the Social Capital theory. The estimates confirmed important reasons for volunteering, viz. intention to help others, charitable giving, activism, helping power motivation, and charity values. A factorial multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed that the mean VFI factor scores were significantly different between volunteers for local and for international organizations. Follow-up analyses revealed that the volunteers working for international volunteer organizations displayed slightly higher scores in intention, activism, and helping power motivation in all six areas compared to those working with local community organizations. Implications from the findings are also discussed.

Volunteerism is an important and increasingly popular mechanism for young people to bring about positive change in society by engaging themselves in global peace efforts and sustainable community development. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors contributing to Malaysian youth participation in volunteerism. Data were collected from the respondents using personally administered questionnaires. The participants (n=337) were youths 15 to 25 years of age (M age = 24.8). The findings indicated positive relationships between participation and helping power motivation, intention, and charity values. Helping power motivation and intention appeared to be more influential than other factors in the predictive analysis. It can be concluded that young people are key agents for social change, and are providing the energy, creative ideas and determination to drive innovation and reform. The paper can help policy makers reflect and focus their training efforts on the more practical aspects of day-to-day volunteering and the interpretation of leadership in youth development. As there is a paucity of literature in relation to youth and volunteerism, this study contributes to the knowledge base by identifying the reasons for youth engaging in volunteerism.

Kajian ini dijalankan bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan antara penglibatan sukarelawan alumni di sekolah dengan pencapaian akademik murid. Kajian tinjauan ini dijalankan di sebuah sekolah berasrama penuh dan sebuah sekolah menengah kebangsaan satu jantina. Penglibatan sukarelawan alumni diukur melalui sumbangan kewangan alumni kepada sekolah melalui bantuan kewangan dalam bentuk biasiswa kepada murid, membaik pulih bangunan, sumbangan acara-acara khas sekolah terutama hadiah kecemerlangan murid, pengutipan dana untuk sekolah dan penajaan murid ke pertandingan dan berkursus. Analisis kajian mendapati wujud hubungan signifikan yang positif antara sumbangan kewangan sukarelawan alumnidi sekolah berasrama penuh jantina lelaki (n=30), dengan pencapaian akademik murid tingkatan empat, r = .431, P= 0.017. Hubungan signifikan yang positif juga wujud antara sumbangan kewangan sukarelawan alumni di sekolah menengah kebangsaan jantina perempuan (n=30) dengan pencapaian akademik murid tingkatan empat, r= .383, P=0.036. Hasil kajian ini diharapkan dapat dimanfaatkan oleh pihak sekolah dengan membuka pintu kepada sukarelawan alumni yang mahu kembali menyumbang kepada alma mater.

Peralatan media sosial berteknologi Web 2.0 telah mengambil alih cara tradisional perkongsian maklumat. Tidak tertakluk lagi kepada perkongsian maklumat secara bersemuka, surat-menyurat, notis pemberitahuan di papan notis, talian faksimili, atau berita di buletin, perkongsian maklumat kini sudah memasuki era teknologi tinggi di mana Facebook, Wiki, YouTube, LinkedIn, blog, dan twittering sudah mengambil alih cara perkongsian maklumat. Kemajuan dalam bidang teknologi moden menjadikan segala mesej, data, bahan, berita, informasi, pengetahuan, ilmu atau apa juga nama yang dalam konteks ini disebut sebagai maklumat, dapat diperolehi dan disebarkan dengan mudah merentasi sempadan masa, jarak dan Negara. Maklumat yang dikongsikan itu juga tidak terhad antara satu individu dengan individu sahaja malah boleh dikongsi kepada satu komuniti dalam talian yang terlibat dalam masa yang pantas. Pekerja organisasi dijangka dapat menerima perubahan tingkah laku untuk melakukan perkongsian maklumat menggunakan media sosial apabila mengetahui kebaikan yang boleh diperolehi daripadanya. Penggunaan media sosial berteknologi Web 2.0 ini disarankan menjadi satu medium pilihan bagi melakukan perkongsian maklumat terhadap pekerja Organisasi Pelaburan Berkaitan Kerajaan di Malaysia.

Kertas ini disediakan bagi memperluas pengetahuan dan mempertingkat pemahaman tentang tingkah laku partisipasi aktif dalam kalangan Anggota Lembaga Koperasi (ALK) mentadbir urus koperasi. Falsafah, nilai dan prinsip koperasi sejagat, struktur tadbir urus serta peranan anggota koperasi dalam pembentukan sebuah organisasi koperasi diterangkan secara ringkas bagi menggambarkan partisipasi anggota dalam konteks organisasi koperasi. Isu-isu semasa berkaitan partisipasi berdasarkan penemuan dan kajian lalu turut dikupas bagi menggambarkan kepentingan partisipasi dalam organisasi koperasi. Konsep partisipasi dalam kajian lepas turut diulas sehingga terhasilnya konsep partisipasi dalam mentadbir urus koperasi, yang mengandungi satu set tingkah laku partisipasi. ALK bertanggungjawab menjalankan fungsinya secara sukarela sebagai pentadbir dengan mengambil bahagian secara aktif menghadiri mesyuarat, berkomunikasi, menjalankan tugas secara kerja berpasukan dan terlibat secara langsung dalam membuat keputusan. Penggunaan teori yang relevan bagi menggambarkan fenomena partisipasi dalam kalangan ALK mentadbir urus koperasi iaitu Teori Modal Sosial dan Teori Motivasi Insentif Bersama (MIB) dijelaskan secara ringkas dalam kertas ini. Akhir sekali kertas ini mencadangkan agar kajian lanjut dapat dilaksanakan untuk meneroka faktor-faktor lain yang dapat menjelaskan tingkah laku partisipasi khususnya dalam mentadbir urus koperasi dan seterusnya menyumbang kepada teori dan ilmu pengetahuan yang sedia ada.

Peralatan media sosial berteknologi Web 2.0 telah mengambil alih cara tradisional perkongsian maklumat. Tidak tertakluk lagi kepada perkongsian maklumat secara bersemuka, surat-menyurat, notis pemberitahuan di papan notis, talian faksimili, atau berita di buletin, perkongsian maklumat kini sudah memasuki era teknologi tinggi di mana Facebook, Wiki, YouTube, LinkedIn, blog, dan twittering sudah mengambil alih cara perkongsian maklumat. Kemajuan dalam bidang teknologi moden menjadikan segala mesej, data, bahan, berita, informasi, pengetahuan, ilmu atau apa juga nama yang dalam konteks ini disebut sebagai maklumat, dapat diperolehi dan disebarkan dengan mudah merentasi sempadan masa, jarak dan Negara. Maklumat yang dikongsikan itu juga tidak terhad antara satu individu dengan individu sahaja malah boleh dikongsi kepada satu komuniti dalam talian yang terlibat dalam masa yang pantas. Pekerja organisasi dijangka dapat menerima perubahan tingkah laku untuk melakukan perkongsian maklumat menggunakan media sosial apabila mengetahui kebaikan yang boleh diperolehi daripadanya. Penggunaan media sosial berteknologi Web 2.0 ini disarankan menjadi satu medium pilihan bagi melakukan perkongsian maklumat terhadap pekerja Organisasi Pelaburan Berkaitan Kerajaan di Malaysia.

Kertas ini disediakan bagi memperluas pengetahuan dan mempertingkat pemahaman tentang tingkah laku partisipasi aktif dalam kalangan Anggota Lembaga Koperasi (ALK) mentadbir urus koperasi. Falsafah, nilai dan prinsip koperasi sejagat, struktur tadbir urus serta peranan anggota koperasi dalam pembentukan sebuah organisasi koperasi diterangkan secara ringkas bagi menggambarkan partisipasi anggota dalam konteks organisasi koperasi. Isu-isu semasa berkaitan partisipasi berdasarkan penemuan dan kajian lalu turut dikupas bagi menggambarkan kepentingan partisipasi dalam organisasi koperasi. Konsep partisipasi dalam kajian lepas turut diulas sehingga terhasilnya konsep partisipasi dalam mentadbir urus koperasi, yang mengandungi satu set tingkah laku partisipasi. ALK bertanggungjawab menjalankan fungsinya secara sukarela sebagai pentadbir dengan mengambil bahagian secara aktif menghadiri mesyuarat, berkomunikasi, menjalankan tugas secara kerja berpasukan dan terlibat secara langsung dalam membuat keputusan. Penggunaan teori yang relevan bagi menggambarkan fenomena partisipasi dalam kalangan ALK mentadbir urus koperasi iaitu Teori Modal Sosial dan Teori Motivasi Insentif Bersama (MIB) dijelaskan secara ringkas dalam kertas ini. Akhir sekali kertas ini mencadangkan agar kajian lanjut dapat dilaksanakan untuk meneroka faktor-faktor lain yang dapat menjelaskan tingkah laku partisipasi khususnya dalam mentadbir urus koperasi dan seterusnya menyumbang kepada teori dan ilmu pengetahuan yang sedia ada.

Volunteerism is an important and increasingly popular mechanism for young people to bring about positive change in society by engaging themselves in global peace efforts and sustainable community development. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors contributing to Malaysian youth participation in volunteerism. Data were collected from the respondents using personally administered questionnaires. The participants (n=337) were youths 15 to 25 years of age (M age = 24.8). The findings indicated positive relationships between participation and helping power motivation, intention, and charity values. Helping power motivation and intention appeared to be more influential than other factors in the predictive analysis. It can be concluded that young people are key agents for social change, and are providing the energy, creative ideas and determination to drive innovation and reform. The paper can help policy makers reflect and focus their training efforts on the more practical aspects of day-to-day volunteering and the interpretation of leadership in youth development. As there is a paucity of literature in relation to youth and volunteerism, this study contributes to the knowledge base by identifying the reasons for youth engaging in volunteerism.

Kajian ini dijalankan bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan antara penglibatan sukarelawan alumni di sekolah dengan pencapaian akademik murid. Kajian tinjauan ini dijalankan di sebuah sekolah berasrama penuh dan sebuah sekolah menengah kebangsaan satu jantina. Penglibatan sukarelawan alumni diukur melalui sumbangan kewangan alumni kepada sekolah melalui bantuan kewangan dalam bentuk biasiswa kepada murid, membaik pulih bangunan, sumbangan acara-acara khas sekolah terutama hadiah kecemerlangan murid, pengutipan dana untuk sekolah dan penajaan murid ke pertandingan dan berkursus. Analisis kajian mendapati wujud hubungan signifikan yang positif antara sumbangan kewangan sukarelawan alumnidi sekolah berasrama penuh jantina lelaki (n=30), dengan pencapaian akademik murid tingkatan empat, r = .431, P= 0.017. Hubungan signifikan yang positif juga wujud antara sumbangan kewangan sukarelawan alumni di sekolah menengah kebangsaan jantina perempuan (n=30) dengan pencapaian akademik murid tingkatan empat, r= .383, P=0.036. Hasil kajian ini diharapkan dapat dimanfaatkan oleh pihak sekolah dengan membuka pintu kepada sukarelawan alumni yang mahu kembali menyumbang kepada alma mater.

This paper discusses the profiling of young Malaysian volunteers who were members of professional volunteer organizations. The subjects in the study were volunteers from 26 different volunteer organizations serving the community at local and international levels. Data for the study were collected via a questionnaire survey. There were 337 respondents, 225 of whom worked for local volunteer organizations while 112 were volunteers for international organizations. They were between the ages of 15 and 30 (M age = 22.8, SD = 5.65). Using the Volunteer Function Inventory (VFI) by the Fetzer Institute, six dimensions were extracted from the data following a factor analysis. These dimensions were then incorporated into a model of philanthropy and volunteerism based on the Social Capital theory. The estimates confirmed important reasons for volunteering, viz. intention to help others, charitable giving, activism, helping power motivation, and charity values. A factorial multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed that the mean VFI factor scores were significantly different between volunteers for local and for international organizations. Follow-up analyses revealed that the volunteers working for international volunteer organizations displayed slightly higher scores in intention, activism, and helping power motivation in all six areas compared to those working with local community organizations. Implications from the findings are also discussed.

Peranan dan sumbangan golongan belia amat diperlukan terutamanya dari aspek kepimpinan dalam meneruskan agenda pembangunan negara. Kewujudan kepimpinan baharu golongan belia akan membentuk satu kumpulan pelapis yang mampu mencorakkan landskap sosio ekonomi dan politik negara. Penglibatan bakat kepimpinan belia baharu perlu digilap melalui latihan profesional dan pendedahan yang meluas serta turut menekankan pendekatan pementoran untuk meningkatkan potensi kepimpinan dalam kalangan belia. Kertas konsep ini membincangkan fokus satu kajian terhadap peserta program pembangunan kepimpinan di peringkat nasional dan menjawab beberapa persoalan berkaitan iaitu; 1) Apakah yang mereka pelajari dari mentor?; 2) Bagaimanakah mereka belajar dari mentor?; 3) Bagaimanakah pementoran berlaku? 4) Apakah yang mereka lakukan selepas memperoleh pengetahuan dari mentor?; dan 5) Apakah model pementoran yang paling sesuai untuk pembangunan kepimpinan belia? Penerokaan empirikal ini menghuraikan proses pendekatan pementoran dalam konteks pembangunan kepimpinan dan mencadangkan strategi pendayaupayaan belia yang lebih efektif dan sistematik.

Peranan dan sumbangan golongan belia amat diperlukan terutamanya dari aspek kepimpinan dalam meneruskan agenda pembangunan negara. Kewujudan kepimpinan baharu golongan belia akan membentuk satu kumpulan pelapis yang mampu mencorakkan landskap sosio ekonomi dan politik negara. Penglibatan bakat kepimpinan belia baharu perlu digilap melalui latihan profesional dan pendedahan yang meluas serta turut menekankan pendekatan pementoran untuk meningkatkan potensi kepimpinan dalam kalangan belia. Kertas konsep ini membincangkan fokus satu kajian terhadap peserta program pembangunan kepimpinan di peringkat nasional dan menjawab beberapa persoalan berkaitan iaitu; 1) Apakah yang mereka pelajari dari mentor?; 2) Bagaimanakah mereka belajar dari mentor?; 3) Bagaimanakah pementoran berlaku? 4) Apakah yang mereka lakukan selepas memperoleh pengetahuan dari mentor?; dan 5) Apakah model pementoran yang paling sesuai untuk pembangunan kepimpinan belia? Penerokaan empirikal ini menghuraikan proses pendekatan pementoran dalam konteks pembangunan kepimpinan dan mencadangkan strategi pendayaupayaan belia yang lebih efektif dan sistematik.