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Background: The motion of the chest wall and abdomen have long been regarded as clinically useful signs in infants and have been used in scoring systems that gauge respiratory difficulty. Recently studies have suggested that the use of videogrammetry is capable of quantifying this motion and provide numerical data during breathing. Aim: To quantify the motion of the chest wall and abdomen through videogrammetry analysis in premature infants and associate these measures with neonatal variables. Method: Twenty-six premature infants (34±1,87w, with 22 days of life), which needed some oxygen therapy were included. They were positioned on a rigid bed and the thoracoabdominal compartment was filmed for 60’’and geometrically delimited by adhesive markers in anatomical points. The motion was evaluated by videogrammetry using an algorithm sequence through MATLAB software and considered in metric units of cm². To correlate neonatal variables with mobility, Pearson correlation was used. Results: Abdominal mobility decreased with increasing gestational age (r= -0.41, p=0.01) and birth weight (r = -0.57, p =0.001), and increased with the use of oxygen (r=0.33, p=0.04). The participation of the thoracic area increased proportionally to weight (r=0.96, p=0.001) and gestational age (r=0.55, p=0.002). Conclusions: This study quantified the thoracoabdominal motion and showed that chest wall motion was positively correlated with the increase in gestational age and in birth weight, while the abdominal motion expansion was inversely associated with the use of oxygen. To quantify the thoracoabdominal motion may provide a useful way of assessing the respiratory distress in premature infants.