Ludovic Drouet, Jean-Guillaume Dillinger, Patrick Henry, Jean-Philippe Brouland, Georgios Sideris, Nikolaos Magkoutis, Sebastian Voicu, Claire Bal dit Sollier, Chantal Kang, Michel Bonneau, Natacha Berge, Demetris Yannopoulos, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Research Institute, Minnesota State University, Partenaires INRAE, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV)
Aims: We sought to develop a reproducible animal model for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in adult atherosclerosis-prone pigs. Methods and results: A coil was placed in the right coronary artery or the left anterior descending artery in 26 downsized spontaneously hypercholesterolaemic pigs and left untreated until thrombotic occlusion. Then, we crossed the thrombotic occlusion with a guidewire, followed by predilatation, thrombus visualisation with optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging and, finally, deployment of a stent and repeated OCT. After revascularisation, we calculated the index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR). After a feasibility phase (six animals), acute thrombotic occlusion was achieved in all 20 pigs. Eighteen animals were successfully revascularised and survived until sacrifice. Thrombus formation was confirmed by OCT, measurement of thrombin-antithrombin complexes and pathology examination. Myocardial necrosis was confirmed by troponin T elevation, myocardial staining and pathology examination. Distal thrombotic embolisation and microvascular obstruction were supported by increased IMR and pathology examination. Conclusions: A porcine model of thrombotic occlusion AMI in miniaturised adult spontaneously atherosclerosis-prone pigs is feasible by percutaneous intracoronary placement of a coil. The reperfusion by angioplasty completed this model which mirrors human pathological conditions with myocardial infarction, necrosis and distal embolisation.