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Aim: Healthcare professionals will set an example to society with their behaviors about Traditional and Complementary Medicine usage. We aimed to investigate and compare the knowledge and attitudes of society and physicians about Traditional and Complementary Medicine to create an infrastructure for medical training. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study "Turkish Version of Complementary, Alternative and Conventional Medicine Attitude Scale" was used for data collection. Results: A total of 392 physicians and 438 citizens participated in the study. Among all participants, 36.9% had used a Traditional and Complementary Medicine method before and the most used method was phytotherapy. There was a significant difference between groups in terms of the level of knowledge. Surprisingly no significant difference was found between physicians and the public in the "Dissatisfaction with Modern Medicine" subgroup. Conclusion: Although there were differences in the level of knowledge between the public and physicians, it was seen that the behavioral patterns were similar to each other. This situation suggests that physicians are also influenced by the society they live in, rather than scientific data, in their decisions about Traditional and Complementary Medicine. Being as a role model to the public, physicians are responsible for providing evidence-based answers to questions about Traditional and Complementary Medicine and should receive adequate training about methods. Keywords: complementary medicine, therapeutic use, evidence-based practice, knowledge, physicians

Aim: This study aims to research the association of metabolic syndrome components with anthropometric measurements like arm circumference, neck circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio, which are applied rarely. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 292 patients in November-December 2019. The arm circumference, neck circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, and body mass index measurements of the patients were made. Glucose, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure measurements were also recorded. The association between metabolic syndrome components and anthropometric measurements was analyzed. Results: Metabolic syndrome is diagnosed in 32.8% of the participants. According to body mass index, 18.6% of the patients were normal, 34.2% were overweight, and 47.2% were obese. There was a significant difference between the patients with and without metabolic syndrome in terms of laboratory parameters, blood pressure values, and anthropometric measurements. In the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, optimal cut-off values for arm circumference, neck circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio were determined as 31.75 (AUC=0.703), 34.85 (AUC=0.763), 113.75 (AUC=0.757), 0.90 (AUC=0.701), 0.61 (AUC=0.769) for females while they were 35.75 (AUC=0.573), 39.75 (AUC=0.795), 111.5 (AUC=0.607), 0.96 (AUC=0.888), 0.61 (AUC=0.888) for males respectively. Conclusion: A significant correlation was detected between arm circumference, neck circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio, and metabolic syndrome components. However, low-density lipoprotein was not correlated with neck circumference and high-density lipoprotein with waist-to-height ratio. Keywords: metabolic syndrome, anthropometric measurement, body mass index, obesity, lipid profile

Aim: The aim of this study is to reveal the knowledge, attitude and behaviors of the university students about Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C. Methods: This study was done among 1048 students from different faculties of five different universities in Ankara, was carried out between October 2012 and July 2013. A questionnaire was prepared by the authors by rewieving the literature and the participants were asked to fill this questionnaire. Knowledge level of participants was scored from 1 to 5 out of 100 according to the answers given about Hepatitis A, B and C. Results: When the average points of knowledge about hepatitis A, B and C is considered, it is seen that the knowledge points of males according to females and the knowledge points of the students who study in medical faculties according to the other faculties are higher. Participants were found to have a risky attitude with respect to the spread of Hepatitis A, B and C infections. While males had more risky behaviors, it was seen that there was no significant difference between the students of medical faculties according to other faculties. Conclusion: Despite advances in technology and health, Hepatitis A, B and C infections continue to be an important public health problem today. This study showed that even university students, whose education and intellectual levels are considered to be high according to society, have low level of knowledge about viral hepatitis and exhibit risky attitudes and behaviors, necessity of individual and social education. The most effective way to protect against these diseases is to increase the knowledge and awareness levels of the society and prevent the transmission of these diseases. Keywords: hepatitis, knowledge, attitude, behavior, vaccines

Aim: Night Eating Syndrome is thought to pose a risk for the development of cardiovascular system, endocrinological and psychiatric diseases. The aim of our study was to investigate the frequency of night-eating syndrome and risk factors related to night eating syndrome. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out among 525 people who admitted to the Family Medicine Clinic of a tertiary hospital between 01 October and 30 November 2018. The night-eating questionnaire was applied to the partcipants using face-to-face interview. Persons with a psychiatric disorder, who have a history of chronic medication or disease, who have alcohol and drug addiction and who are working on the night shift were excluded from the study. p values < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results: Fifty-one (9.7%) of the 525 patients admitted to our clinic met the criteria of Night Eating Syndrome. In our study, there were statistically significant difference between night eating syndrome and non-night eating syndrome groups with respect to smoking status and body mass index. Conclusion: Night eating syndrome is a hidden public health problem which is related to cardiovascular system diseases, diabetes mellitus and psychiatric disorders besides obesity. Because of the presence of serious health problems associated with night eating syndrome, it is very important to determine night eating syndrome in primary care.

Aim: Whether a specialization training program achieves its objectives or not is decided by showing that the graduates of the program have gained the expected knowledge, skills and behaviors. The measurement tools used in this decision require some specific knowledge and skills. The aim of this study was to analyze the questions asked in an examination and to investigate the suitability of the assistants and the education program in terms of educational sciences. Methods: Responses of Family Medicine residents to a multiple-choice test that consists of 50 items, conducted throughout the country. The questions were analyzed in terms of the connection with the educational objectives, the degree of difficulty, separation and distraction power. Results: Of the 150 questions asked, 20 were not found in the learning objectives. In the analysis of difficulties, 105 of the questions were easy and very easy questions; on the other hand, in the analysis of distraction, 27 out of 150 questions are sufficient for discriminating; in terms of distractors, all the distractors of the 19 problems were found to be functional. Conclusion: The examination is not suitable for the evaluation of both the residents and the program, because it is based on knowledge measurement by multiple choice quiz method, not being competency based, the questions are not included in the learning objectives, the disaggregation of the questions are weak, and the distractors are not working in a large majority. In order to avoid these situations, it would be appropriate for the family medicine trainers to undergo a training including the role and importance of measurement and assessment in education before taking the authority of assistant and program evaluation.