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The idea of evaluating government program is a relatively new and ticklish idea to China's government and public policymakers. In the meantime, many environmental policy pilots are being carried out as important components of China's market-oriented reforms and climate policy package. These changes require us to rethink China's current process of creating environmental policy, as it seems to affect policy variation temporarily. This article argues that most of China's recent environmental campaign programs and policy innovations have embraced strict environmental enforcements, audits, and inspections, without a carefully designed environmental program evaluation system. It demonstrates that most of China's environmental program evaluation approaches are results-oriented, and most are internal evaluations; that evaluations are imposed mainly on project owners and lower-level government agencies through top-down governance-, rather than actually assessing agency performance and government accountability. It explains patterns in China's recent policies that might point to room for change.