9 results on '"Labus JS"'
Search Results
2. The effect of the GLP‐1 analogue Exenatide on functional connectivity within an NTS‐based network in women with and without obesity
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Coveleskie, K, Kilpatrick, LA, Gupta, A, Stains, J, Connolly, L, Labus, JS, Sanmiguel, C, and Mayer, EA
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Obesity ,Clinical Research ,Nutrition ,Neurosciences ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,Stroke ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Cancer ,Oral and gastrointestinal ,Cardiovascular ,Brain ,GLP-1 ,hunger ,obesity ,GLP‐1 - Abstract
ObjectiveThe differential effect of GLP-1 agonist Exenatide on functional connectivity of the nucleus tractus solitaries (NTS), a key region associated with homeostasis, and on appetite-related behaviours was investigated in women with normal weight compared with women with obesity.MethodsFollowing an 8-h fast, 19 female subjects (11 lean, 8 obese) participated in a 2-d double blind crossover study. Subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging at fast and 30-min post subcutaneous injection of 5 μg of Exenatide or placebo. Functional connectivity was examined with the NTS. Drug-induced functional connectivity changes within and between groups and correlations with appetite measures were examined in a region of interest approach focusing on the thalamus and hypothalamus.ResultsWomen with obesity reported less hunger after drug injection. Exenatide administration increased functional connectivity of the left NTS with the left thalamus and hypothalamus in the obese group only and increased the correlation between NTS functional connectivity and hunger scores in all subjects, but more so in the obese.ConclusionsObesity can impact the effects of Exenatide on brain connectivity, specifically in the NTS and is linked to changes in appetite control. This has implications for the use of GLP-1 analogues in therapeutic interventions.
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- 2017
3. Sex differences in the influence of body mass index on anatomical architecture of brain networks
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Gupta, A, Mayer, EA, Hamadani, K, Bhatt, R, Fling, C, Alaverdyan, M, Torgerson, C, Ashe-McNalley, C, Van Horn, JD, Naliboff, B, Tillisch, K, Sanmiguel, CP, and Labus, JS
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Nutrition ,Clinical Research ,Neurosciences ,Obesity ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,Adult ,Analysis of Variance ,Body Mass Index ,Brain ,Brain Mapping ,Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Feeding Behavior ,Female ,Humans ,Impulsive Behavior ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Models ,Neurological ,Neural Pathways ,Neuroimaging ,Philosophy ,Photic Stimulation ,Reward ,Sex Characteristics ,United States ,Young Adult ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Education ,Endocrinology & Metabolism - Abstract
Background/objectivesThe brain has a central role in regulating ingestive behavior in obesity. Analogous to addiction behaviors, an imbalance in the processing of rewarding and salient stimuli results in maladaptive eating behaviors that override homeostatic needs. We performed network analysis based on graph theory to examine the association between body mass index (BMI) and network measures of integrity, information flow and global communication (centrality) in reward, salience and sensorimotor regions and to identify sex-related differences in these parameters.Subjects/methodsStructural and diffusion tensor imaging were obtained in a sample of 124 individuals (61 males and 63 females). Graph theory was applied to calculate anatomical network properties (centrality) for regions of the reward, salience and sensorimotor networks. General linear models with linear contrasts were performed to test for BMI and sex-related differences in measures of centrality, while controlling for age.ResultsIn both males and females, individuals with high BMI (obese and overweight) had greater anatomical centrality (greater connectivity) of reward (putamen) and salience (anterior insula) network regions. Sex differences were observed both in individuals with normal and elevated BMI. In individuals with high BMI, females compared to males showed greater centrality in reward (amygdala, hippocampus and nucleus accumbens) and salience (anterior mid-cingulate cortex) regions, while males compared to females had greater centrality in reward (putamen) and sensorimotor (posterior insula) regions.ConclusionsIn individuals with increased BMI, reward, salience and sensorimotor network regions are susceptible to topological restructuring in a sex-related manner. These findings highlight the influence of these regions on integrative processing of food-related stimuli and increased ingestive behavior in obesity, or in the influence of hedonic ingestion on brain topological restructuring. The observed sex differences emphasize the importance of considering sex differences in obesity pathophysiology.
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- 2017
4. Altered brain responses in subjects with irritable bowel syndrome during cued and uncued pain expectation
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Hong, J-Y, Naliboff, B, Labus, JS, Gupta, A, Kilpatrick, LA, Ashe-McNalley, C, Stains, J, Heendeniya, N, Smith, SR, Tillisch, K, and Mayer, EA
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Behavioral and Social Science ,Digestive Diseases ,Neurosciences ,Pain Research ,Mental Health ,Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,Clinical Research ,Chronic Pain ,Aetiology ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Abdominal Pain ,Adult ,Amygdala ,Anticipation ,Psychological ,Brain ,Case-Control Studies ,Cerebral Cortex ,Colon ,Sigmoid ,Cues ,Electric Stimulation ,Female ,Functional Neuroimaging ,Humans ,Image Processing ,Computer-Assisted ,Irritable Bowel Syndrome ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Pain ,Pain Threshold ,Parietal Lobe ,Prefrontal Cortex ,Pressure ,Rectum ,Sex Factors ,Thalamus ,Young Adult ,contextual threat ,functional magnetic resonance imaging ,irritable bowel syndrome ,pain expectations ,sex differences ,Clinical Sciences ,Medical Physiology ,Gastroenterology & Hepatology - Abstract
BackgroundA majority of the subjects with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) show increased behavioral and brain responses to expected and delivered aversive visceral stimuli during controlled rectal balloon distension, and during palpation of the sigmoid colon. We aimed to determine if altered brain responses to cued and uncued pain expectation are also seen in the context of a noxious somatic pain stimulus applied to the same dermatome as the sigmoid colon.MethodsA task-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging technique was used to investigate the brain activity of 37 healthy controls (18 females) and 37 IBS subjects (21 females) during: (i) a cued expectation of an electric shock to the abdomen vs a cued safe condition; and (ii) an uncued cross-hair condition in which the threat is primarily based on context vs a cued safe condition.Key resultsRegions within the salience, attention, default mode, and emotional arousal networks were more activated by the cued abdominal threat condition and the uncued condition than in the cued safe condition. During the uncued condition contrasted to the cued safe condition, IBS subjects (compared to healthy control subjects) showed greater brain activations in the affective (amygdala, anterior insula) and attentional (middle frontal gyrus) regions, and in the thalamus and precuneus. These disease-related differences were primarily seen in female subjects.Conclusions & inferencesThe observed greater engagement of cognitive and emotional brain networks in IBS subjects during contextual threat may reflect the propensity of IBS subjects to overestimate the likelihood and severity of future abdominal pain.
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- 2016
5. Increased attentional network functioning related to symptom severity measures in females with irritable bowel syndrome
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Hubbard, CS, Hong, J, Jiang, Z, Ebrat, B, Suyenobu, B, Smith, S, Heendeniya, N, Naliboff, BD, Tillisch, K, Mayer, EA, and Labus, JS
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Chronic Pain ,Mental Health ,Clinical Research ,Neurosciences ,Pain Research ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Digestive Diseases ,Underpinning research ,1.1 Normal biological development and functioning ,Oral and gastrointestinal ,Neurological ,Mental health ,Abdominal Pain ,Adult ,Attention ,Brain ,Brain Mapping ,Fear ,Female ,Humans ,Irritable Bowel Syndrome ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Middle Aged ,Pain Perception ,Severity of Illness Index ,Uncertainty ,Young Adult ,attention network test ,chronic pain ,fMRI ,irritable bowel syndrome ,Clinical Sciences ,Medical Physiology ,Gastroenterology & Hepatology - Abstract
BackgroundIncreased attention to gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and disease-specific contexts may play an important role in the enhanced perception of visceral stimuli frequently reported in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In this study, we test the hypothesis that altered attentional mechanisms underlie central pain amplification in IBS.MethodsTo evaluate brain networks that support alerting, orienting, and executive attention, we employed the attention network test (ANT), a modified flanker task which measures the efficiency of functioning of core attentional networks, during functional magnetic resonance imaging in 15 IBS patients (mean age = 31 [11.96]) and 14 healthy controls (HCs; mean age = 31 [10.91]).Key resultsPatients with IBS, compared to HCs, showed shorter reaction times during the alerting and orienting conditions which were associated with greater activation of anterior midcingulate and insular cortices, and decreased activity in the right inferior frontal junction and supplementary motor cortex. Patients also showed activation in the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex and concurrent thalamic deactivation during the executive control portion of the ANT relative to HCs, but no group difference in reaction times were found. The activity in brain regions showing group differences during the ANT were associated with measures of GI-specific anxiety, pain catastrophizing, and fear of uncertainty. In IBS, activity in the anterior midcingulate during alerting correlated with duration of GI-symptoms and overall symptom severity.Conclusions & inferencesTogether, these results suggest that IBS patients have specific abnormalities in attentional network functioning and these deficits may underlie symptom-related anxiety, hypervigilance, and visceral hypersensitivity.
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- 2015
6. Altered viscerotopic cortical innervation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
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Irimia, A, Labus, JS, Torgerson, CM, Van Horn, JD, and Mayer, EA
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Digestive Diseases ,Neurosciences ,Pain Research ,Clinical Research ,Chronic Pain ,Biomedical Imaging ,Neurological ,Adult ,Diffusion Tensor Imaging ,Female ,Humans ,Irritable Bowel Syndrome ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Male ,Somatosensory Cortex ,White Matter ,connectomics ,diffusion tensor imaging ,irritable bowel syndrome ,magnetic resonance imaging ,neuroimaging ,somatosensory cortex ,Medical Physiology ,Gastroenterology & Hepatology ,Clinical sciences ,Medical physiology - Abstract
BackgroundStudies have demonstrated the existence of regional gray matter and white matter (WM) alterations in the brains of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but the extent to which altered anatomical connectivity between brain regions is altered in IBS remains incompletely understood.MethodsIn this study, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were used to identify significant brain connectivity differences between IBS patients and healthy control (HC) subjects. Based on MRI and DTI volumes acquired from 66 IBS patients and 23 HC subjects, multivariate regression was used to investigate whether subject age, sex, cortical thickness, or the mean fractional anisotropy (FA) of WM connections innervating each location on the cortex could predict IBS diagnosis.Key resultsHC and IBS subjects were found to differ significantly within both left and right viscerotopic portions of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), with the mean FA of WM bundles innervating S1 being the predictor variable responsible for these significant differences.Conclusions & inferencesThese preliminary findings illustrate how a chronic visceral pain syndrome and brain structure are related in the cohort examined, and because of their indication that IBS diagnosis is associated with anatomic neuropathology of potential neurological relevance in this patient sample.
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- 2015
7. Altered functional connectivity within the central reward network in overweight and obese women.
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Coveleskie, K, Gupta, A, Kilpatrick, LA, Mayer, ED, Ashe-McNalley, C, Stains, J, Labus, JS, and Mayer, EA
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Clinical Sciences ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Anthropology - Abstract
Background/objectivesNeuroimaging studies in obese subjects have identified abnormal activation of key regions of central reward circuits, including the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), in response to food-related stimuli. We aimed to examine whether women with elevated body mass index (BMI) show structural and resting state (RS) functional connectivity alterations within regions of the reward network.Subjects/methodsFifty healthy, premenopausal women, 19 overweight and obese (high BMI=26-38 kg m(-2)) and 31 lean (BMI=19-25 kg m(-2)) were selected from the University of California Los Angeles' Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress database. Structural and RS functional scans were collected. Group differences in grey matter volume (GMV) of the NAcc, oscillation dynamics of intrinsic brain activity and functional connectivity of the NAcc to regions within the reward network were examined.ResultsGMV of the left NAcc was significantly greater in the high BMI group than in the lean group (P=0.031). Altered frequency distributions were observed in women with high BMI compared with lean group in the left NAcc (P=0.009) in a medium-frequency (MF) band, and in bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) (P=0.014,
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- 2015
8. Multisite, multimodal neuroimaging of chronic urological pelvic pain: Methodology of the MAPP Research Network
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Alger, JR, Ellingson, BM, Ashe-McNalley, C, Woodworth, DC, Labus, JS, Farmer, M, Huang, L, Apkarian, AV, Johnson, KA, Mackey, SC, Ness, TJ, Deutsch, G, Harris, RE, Clauw, DJ, Glover, GH, Parrish, TB, den Hollander, J, Kusek, JW, Mullins, C, Mayer, EA, and Investigators, MAPPRN
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Adult ,Urologic Diseases ,Biomedical Research ,Rest ,Image Processing ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,Bioengineering ,Pelvic Pain ,MAPP Research Network Investigators ,Cohort Studies ,Young Adult ,Computer-Assisted ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Clinical Research ,Neural Pathways ,Humans ,TransMAPP ,Pain Research ,Neurosciences ,Brain ,Oxygen ,Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Diffusion tensor imaging ,Good Health and Well Being ,DTI ,Neurological ,Biomedical Imaging ,Female ,Urologic chronic pelvic pain syndromes ,Chronic Pain - Abstract
The Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain (MAPP) Research Network is an ongoing multi-center collaborative research group established to conduct integrated studies in participants with urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome (UCPPS). The goal of these investigations is to provide new insights into the etiology, natural history, clinical, demographic and behavioral characteristics, search for new and evaluate candidate biomarkers, systematically test for contributions of infectious agents to symptoms, and conduct animal studies to understand underlying mechanisms for UCPPS. Study participants were enrolled in a one-year observational study and evaluated through a multisite, collaborative neuroimaging study to evaluate the association between UCPPS and brain structure and function. 3D T1-weighted structural images, resting-state fMRI, and high angular resolution diffusion MRI were acquired in five participating MAPP Network sites using 8 separate MRI hardware and software configurations. We describe the neuroimaging methods and procedures used to scan participants, the challenges encountered in obtaining data from multiple sites with different equipment/software, and our efforts to minimize site-to-site variation.
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- 2016
9. Towards a systems view of IBS
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Mayer, EA, Mayer, EA, Labus, JS, Tillisch, K, Cole, SW, Baldi, P, Mayer, EA, Mayer, EA, Labus, JS, Tillisch, K, Cole, SW, and Baldi, P
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© 2015 Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved. Despite an extensive body of reported information about peripheral and central mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of IBS symptoms, no comprehensive disease model has emerged that would guide the development of novel, effective therapies. In this Review, we will first describe novel insights into some key components of brain–gut interactions, starting with the emerging findings of distinct functional and structural brain signatures of IBS. We will then point out emerging correlations between these brain networks and genomic, gastrointestinal, immune and gut-microbiome-related parameters. We will incorporate this new information, as well as the reported extensive literature on various peripheral mechanisms, into a systems-based disease model of IBS, and discuss the implications of such a model for improved understanding of the disorder, and for the development of more-effective treatment approaches in the future.
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- 2015
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