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1. Investing in the foundation of sustainable development: pathways to scale up for early childhood development

Author

Richter, Linda M, Daelmans, Bernadette, Lombardi, Joan, Heymann, Jody, Boo, Florencia Lopez, Behrman, Jere R, Lu, Chunling, Lucas, Jane E, Perez-Escamilla, Rafael, Dua, Tarun, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Stenberg, Karin, Gertler, Paul, Darmstadt, Gary L, and Committee, Paper 3 Working Group and the Lancet Early Childhood Development Series Steering

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Pediatric, Prevention, Generic health relevance, Quality Education, Child Development, Child Health Services, Child Protective Services, Child, Preschool, Developing Countries, Early Intervention, Educational, Financing, Government, Humans, Maternal Health Services, Politics, Poverty, Paper 3 Working Group and the Lancet Early Childhood Development Series Steering Committee, Medical and Health Sciences, General & Internal Medicine, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

Building on long-term benefits of early intervention (Paper 2 of this Series) and increasing commitment to early childhood development (Paper 1 of this Series), scaled up support for the youngest children is essential to improving health, human capital, and wellbeing across the life course. In this third paper, new analyses show that the burden of poor development is higher than estimated, taking into account additional risk factors. National programmes are needed. Greater political prioritisation is core to scale-up, as are policies that afford families time and financial resources to provide nurturing care for young children. Effective and feasible programmes to support early child development are now available. All sectors, particularly education, and social and child protection, must play a role to meet the holistic needs of young children. However, health provides a critical starting point for scaling up, given its reach to pregnant women, families, and young children. Starting at conception, interventions to promote nurturing care can feasibly build on existing health and nutrition services at limited additional cost. Failure to scale up has severe personal and social consequences. Children at elevated risk for compromised development due to stunting and poverty are likely to forgo about a quarter of average adult income per year, and the cost of inaction to gross domestic product can be double what some countries currently spend on health. Services and interventions to support early childhood development are essential to realising the vision of the Sustainable Development Goals.

Published
2017

4. Introduction

Author

Linguistic Papers, San Diego

Published
2006

5. Introduction

Author

San Diego Linguistic Papers

Published
2003

9. Chemical design of electronic and magnetic energy scales of tetravalent praseodymium materials

Author

Ramanathan, Arun, Kaplan, Jensen, Sergentu, Dumitru-Claudiu, Branson, Jacob A, Ozerov, Mykhaylo, I. Kolesnikov, Alexander, Minasian, Stefan G., Autschbach, Jochen, Freeland, John, Jiang, Zhigang, Mourigal, Martin, La Pierre, Henry S., Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), Florida State University [Panama City], Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNY), Argonne National Laboratory [Lemont] (ANL), and The work of A.R. and H.S.L.P. at Georgia Tech was supported by the Beckman Foundation as part of a Beckman Young Investigator Award to H.S.L.P. The work of J.K. and M.M. at Georgia Tech was supported by the National Science Foundation through Grant No. NSF-DMR-1750186 awarded to M.M. The work of Z.J. at Georgia Tech was supported by the US Department of Energy through Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER46451 awarded to Z.J. Some of this work was performed in part at the Materials Characterization Facility at Georgia Tech, which is jointly supported by the GT Institute for Materials and the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, and is a member of the National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. ECCS-2025462. This research used resources at the Spallation Neutron Source, a DOE Office of Science User Facility operated by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. The infrared measurements were performed at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, which is supported by the National Science Foundation Cooperative Agreement No. DMR-1644779 and the State of Florida. The work of D.-C.S. and J.A. at the University at Buffalo was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Heavy Element Chemistry program, under grant DESC0001136 awarded to J.A. D.-C.S. and J.A. thank the Center for Computational Research (CCR) at the University at Buffalo for providing computational resources. D.-C.S. received research funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 899546. D.-C.S. acknowledges infrastructure support provided through the RECENT AIR grant agreement MySMIS no. 127324. Work of J.A.B. and S.G.M at LBNL was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences of the US Department of Energy (DOE) at LBNL under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. STXM research described in this paper was performed at the Canadian Light Source, which is supported by the Canada Foundation for Innovation, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the University of Saskatchewan, the Government of Saskatchewan, Western Economic Diversification Canada, the National Research Council Canada, and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research.

Subjects
[CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry
Abstract

International audience; Lanthanides in the trivalent oxidation state are typically described using an ionic picture that leads to localized magnetic moments. The hierarchical energy scales associated with trivalent lanthanides produce desirable properties for e.g., molecular magnetism, quantum materials, and quantum transduction. Here, we show that this traditional ionic paradigm breaks down for praseodymium in the tetravalent oxidation state. Synthetic, spectroscopic, and theoretical tools deployed on several solid-state Pr(4+)-oxides uncover the unusual participation of 4f orbitals in bonding and the anomalous hybridization of the 4f(1) configuration with ligand valence electrons, analogous to transition metals. The competition between crystal-field and spin-orbit-coupling interactions fundamentally transforms the spin-orbital magnetism of Pr(4+), which departs from the J(eff) = 1/2 limit and resembles that of high-valent actinides. Our results show that Pr(4+) ions are in a class on their own, where the hierarchy of single-ion energy scales can be tailored to explore new correlated phenomena in quantum materials.

Published
2023