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This study analyzes how the national tourism organizations (NTOs) of Spain and Italy managed their crisis communication to deal with Covid-19. The study examines the messages published by the Twitter accounts of the NTOs from the beginning or the detection of the first patient until one month after the official declaration of the pandemic by the World Health Organization. The results reveal two different ways of managing crisis communications in the face of Covid-19, both in the treatment of the topics and in the timing of publication, at the same time generating different reactions and engagement among users. The Agenzia Nazionale Italiana del Turismo was faster and more active in the first moments of the health crisis compared with the Oficina de Turismo de España. This study can contribute to the development of communication strategies on social media by NTOs during different periods of such crises as well as communication actions to enhance the touristic image of their destinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research on the presence and activity of hospitals in social media is abundant, but that is not the case of other health-related organizations. In this research we have examined the profiles on Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and Instagram of 240 health-related entities. It has been proven that health insurers are more present in social networks than the rest, followed by manufacturers of healthcare products, technology companies, pharmaceutical laboratories, biomedical products companies and hospitals. Nevertheless, users interact more with hospitals, although they are less frequent and less active on these platforms. These findings confirm that a greater presence and activity in social media does not correlate with a greater interaction by the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ibex 35 and Fortune 500 companies are still not fully utilizing the dialogic potential of social media. The percentage of companies with a low level of dialogic communication exceeds the percentage of companies with a high level in both groups, according to this study which assesses the level of dialogic communication developed by firms with their external audiences on blogs, Facebook and Twitter in an integrated way. Based on Kent & Taylor's (1998) framework, a dialogic conceptual tool has been created, refined and applied to all the sample. The tool analyzes 73 variables on three dimensions: Presence, Content and Interactivity. Inter-method triangulation has been applied to carry out the research: virtual ethnography, critical discourse analysis (CDA) and interviews with experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]