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There are few systematic studies of wage discrimination against homosexuals: none for the UK This Paper studies the earnings of homosexual men and women in the UK relative to their heterosexual counterparts. Homosexuals are identified as individuals living with "same sex partners". Although gays of either sex earn more than non-gays, once allowance is made for differences in characteristics gay men appear to be paid less than heterosexuals, while lesbians appear to be paid more. As this implies, the gender pay gap is smaller amongst homosexuals than amongst heterosexuals. The gay male pay penalty is significantly lower in London than elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Social Exclusion Task Force, based in the Cabinet Office, works across government to ensure that the opportunities enjoyed by the vast majority of people in the UK today are extended to those whose lives have been characterised by deprivation and exclusion. The Task Force recognises that much has already been achieved through investment in public services, tax and benefit changes, and the national minimum wage. However, intensive collaborative support is needed for the most vulnerable individuals and families, whose difficulties are complex and persistent. The development of the first public service agreement (PSA) for very vulnerable adults is a major step forward in addressing the needs of some of our most disadvantaged citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]