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Purpose - To guide the formation and to determine the structure of new governmental entrepreneurial ventures based on the nature of the public goods and the need for an entrepreneurial orientation. Design/methodology/research - This paper is conceptual and is based on reviews of appropriate organizational structure and entrepreneurship, cases studies, and the authors’ experiences. Findings - Public or quasi-public entities may need to change their organizational structure in order to act more entrepreneurially and to be more effective in accomplishing their missions. Propositions are raised to guide the development of new public or private enterprises and provide the basis for future research. Research Limitations/Implications - This paper is conceptual and needs to be tested empirically. Though other levels of government and countries were included, a major focus is on the U.S. federal government. Originality/value –This is the first published research on the topic of new enterprise government structures based on the nature of the goods and the requisite entrepreneurial orientation. It will help governmental and quasi-governmental organizations in developing efficient and effective organizational structures.

Seet, P., Lindsay, N., & Kropp, F. (2020). Understanding early-stage firm performance: the explanatory role of individual and firm level factors. International Journal of Manpower. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-02-2019-0112