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Objectives: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have become the standard of care for metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progressing during or after platinum-based chemotherapy. Real-world clinical practice tends to represent more diverse patient characteristics than randomized clinical trials. We sought to evaluate overall survival (OS) outcomes in the total study population and in key subsets of patients who received nivolumab for previously treated advanced NSCLC in real-world settings in France, Germany, or Canada., Materials and Methods: Data were pooled from two prospective observational cohort studies, EVIDENS and ENLARGE, and a retrospective registry in Canada. Patients included in this analysis were aged ≥18 years, had stage IIIB/IV NSCLC, and received nivolumab after at least one prior line of systemic therapy. OS was estimated in the pooled population and in various subgroups using the Kaplan-Meier method. Timing of data collection varied across cohorts (2015-2019)., Results: Of the 2585 patients included in this analyses, 1235 (47.8 %) were treated in France, 881 (34.1 %) in Germany, and 469 (18.1 %) in Canada. Median OS for the total study population was 11.3 months (95 % CI: 10.5-12.2); this was similar across France, Germany, and Canada. The OS rate was 49 % at 1 year and 28 % at 2 years for the total study population. In univariable Cox analyses, the presence of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in nonsquamous disease, liver, or bone metastases were associated with significantly shorter OS, whereas tumor programmed death ligand 1 expression and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-1 were associated with significantly prolonged OS. Similar OS was noted across subgroups of age and prior lines of therapy., Conclusion: OS rates in patients receiving nivolumab for previously treated advanced NSCLC in real-world clinical practice closely mirrored those in phase 3 studies, suggesting similar effectiveness of nivolumab in clinical trials and clinical practice., (Copyright © 2021 Bristol Myers Squibb. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

A retrospective study was undertaken to assess whether stimulation of uterine contractility prior to surgical evacuation of a molar pregnancy will lead to an increased frequency of persistent trophoblastic disease. Forty-seven patients treated with chemotherapy for persistent trophoblastic disease after a hydatidiform mole between 1971 and 1988 were evaluated. The use of medical methods in this study group was compared to a control group of 219 patients with hydatidiform mole not requiring further treatment. A medical method, mainly treatment with prostaglandins, was used in 61.7% in the study group compared to 35.2% in the control group. This difference was, however, due to different stage distribution in the groups. Persistent disease was significantly correlated to uterine size and medical methods were mainly used in patients where uterine size corresponded to 15 weeks gestation or more. In this subset of patients, a medical method was used in the same frequency in both groups. Thus, large uterine size seems to be an independent risk factor. We conclude that stimulation of uterine contractility, which in Sweden is frequently used before surgical evacuation of the uterus in patients with hydatidiform mole and large uteri, carries no additional risk.

Twenty-eight cases of endometrial stromal sarcoma treated from 1936 to 1981 at Radiumhemmet were reviewed. Histopathologically, 16 were classified as high-grade stromal sarcomas and 12 were of a low grade. A significant relation between mitotic count and relative survival within 10 years of the diagnosis was found (p less than 0.05) showing a more favorable outcome for patients with low counts compared with patients with higher counts. Primary treatment included surgery and radiotherapy in 21 cases. Two advanced cases were only irradiated and five cases were treated with surgery alone. Adjuvant radiotherapy seems to be of benefit in high-grade tumors, demonstrated in a 5-year survival rate of 73%, which exceeds most reported results. Five out of seven women dying of low-grade tumors were diagnosed in an advanced stage.

One hundred and forty-seven women with uterine mixed Müllerian tumours (UMMT) treated at Radiumhemmet from 1936 through 1981 were reviewed. The prognostic value of clinical and histopathologic data was analysed with bivariate and multivariate techniques. Stage, age and abdominal pain were found to be significant predictors of survival. Surgery and combined radiotherapy (intracavitary + external irradiation) gave in stage I, a lower local failure rate (p = 0.006) and better overall survival (p = 0.001) than surgery in combination with either intracavitary or external irradiation.

To evaluate oral contraceptive (OC) use as a possible cause of the changed ratio between adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix a case-control study was performed. The OC use among 23 women with adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix was compared with that of a matched group of 46 women with squamous cell carcinoma. No differences in percentage of OC use, duration of such use or period of OC use in relation to diagnosis could be demonstrated between the two groups compared.

56117 women registered in the Swedish National Cancer Registry with the diagnosis carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix were followed up and the risk for developing an invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix was studied. The studied cohort provided 453 362 women years at risk. The primary treatment for carcinoma in situ in Sweden is generally conization. Hysterectomy is carried out in relatively few cases and intracavitary radium treatment was given to a limited number during the period studied. Cryosurgery and laser conization were of less quantitative importance during this period. The incidence rates of invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix were compared with expected rates calculated from the National Cancer Registry. The ratio between observed and expected number of cases of invasive carcinomas of the uterine cervix is roughly 2.5 from the first year of observation after treatment of the in situ carcinoma until 20 years. There seems to be a distinct difference in risk for development of an invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix for different age groups. In age group 50 years and older at time for treatment of the in situ lesion, 66 cases of invasive cancer were observed against 10.7 expected - O/E = 6.2. In ages 49 years or less, 145 cases were observed compared with 77.4 expected - O/E = 1.9. The conclusion from this study is that women treated for an in situ lesion are at a higher risk for an invasive carcinoma than the common female population and should be carefully followed up for a long time after treatment of the in situ lesion.