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A toxicologic and dermatologic review of 1-(2,5,5-trimethylcycloheptyl)ethan-1-one when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. 1-(2,5,5-Trimethylcycloheptyl)ethan-1-one is a member of the fragrance structural group Alkyl Cyclic Ketones. These fragrances can be described as being composed of an alkyl, R1, and various substituted and bicyclic saturated or unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons, R2, in which one of the rings may include up to 12 carbons. Alternatively, R2 may be a carbon bridge of C2-C4 carbon chain length between the ketone and cyclic hydrocarbon. This review contains a detailed summary of all available toxicology and dermatology papers that are related to this individual fragrance ingredient and is not intended as a stand-alone document. Available data for 1-(2,5,5-trimethylcycloheptyl)ethan-1-one were evaluated then summarized and includes physical properties, skin irritation, mucous membrane (eye) irritation, and skin sensitization data. A safety assessment of the entire Alkyl Cyclic Ketones will be published simultaneously with this document; please refer to Belsito et al. (Belsito, D., Bickers, D., Bruze, M., Calow, P., Dagli, M., Fryer, A.D., Greim, H., Miyachi, Y., Saurat, J.H., Sipes, I.G., 2013. A toxicologic and dermatologic assessment of alkyl cyclic ketones when used as fragrance ingredients. (submitted for publication)) for an overall assessment of the safe use of this material and all Alkyl Cyclic Ketones in fragrances., (Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

A novel series of muscarinic receptor antagonists was developed, with the aim of identifying a compound with high M3 receptor potency and a reduced risk of dose-limiting side effects with potential for the treatment of COPD. Initial compound modifications led to a novel cycloheptyl series, which was improved by focusing on a quinuclidine sub-series. A wide range of N-substituents was evaluated to determine the optimal substituent providing a high M3 receptor potency, high intrinsic clearance and high human plasma protein binding. Compounds achieving in vitro study criteria were selected for in vivo evaluation. Pharmacokinetic half-lives, inhibition of bronchoconstriction and duration of action, as well as systemic side effects, induced by the compounds were assessed in guinea-pig models. Compounds with a long duration of action and good therapeutic index were identified and AZD8683 was selected for progression to the clinic., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-4H-cyclohepta[d]isoxazole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as a novel class of inhibitors for α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) induced melanogenesis in a mouse melanoma B16F10 cell line. Compound 8e (IC(50)=0.67 μM), 8h (IC(50)=1.01 μM) and 9b (IC(50)=0.99 μM) exhibited a potent inhibitory activity approximately 85- to 126-fold greater than kojic acid, a well-known potent inhibitor. A biochemical study indicates that the activity of this series should be displayed via down-regulation of the expression of tyrosinase., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The p38 MAP kinase is a key enzyme in inflammatory diseases as it is involved in the biosynthesis of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-1beta. Small molecule p38 inhibitors suppress the production of these cytokines and therefore p38 is a promising drug target for novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics. In this study, we report the design, synthesis, and SAR of novel N-substituted 11H-dibenzo[b,f]oxepin-10-ones and 5,11-dihydro-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-10-ones as p38 inhibitors., (Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

A straightforward synthesis of meso-2,6-diaminopimelic acid (DAP) meso-1 was developed from 1,4-diacetoxycyclohept-2-ene (2) via an oxidative ring cleavage. Subsequently, an enantio-divergent synthesis of (S,S)- and (R,R)-1 was performed using a homochiral monoacetate 7 available from 2 by enzymatic desymmetrization.

Novel tetrahydrodiazabenzazulene derivatives, designed from the lead compound 1 discovered by screening of our in-house chemical library, were prepared and found to be potent neuropeptide Y-Y5 (NPY-Y5) receptor antagonists. The structure-activity relationships are described. Compounds 7 (FR240662) and 16 (FR252384) were especially attractive owing to their high affinities for the NPY-Y5 receptors, oral absorption and permeability to brain.

Novel benzo[a]cycloheptene derivatives were prepared for the purpose of searching new neuropeptide Y-Y5 (NPY-Y5) receptor antagonists. The structure-activity relationships are described and compound 2o (FR226928) showed the most potent affinity for Y5 receptor of all we prepared and was found to have higher potency and better selectivity for Y5 over Y1 receptor affinities when compared with the known lead compound 1.

A microwave-enhanced [6+4]-cycloaddition reaction between 6-aminofulvene and pyrones followed by CO(2) extrusion provides azulene-indoles which display interesting antineoplastic activity.