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Start Over Author "Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM)" Publisher elsevier science bv

29 results on '"Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM)"'

1. Influence of the Organization of Actors in the Ecological Outcomes of Investment in Restoration of Biodiversity

Author: Pierre Scemama, Harold Levrel, Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer (AMURE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), centre international de recherche sur l'environnement et le développement (CIRED), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Transaction cost, Economics and Econometrics, Transaction costs economics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, Biodiversity, 010501 environmental sciences, Ecological engineering, Investment (macroeconomics), 01 natural sciences, Phase (combat), Economic issue, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Business, Biodiversity restoration, Organization, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract: International audience; This paper investigates the consequences of the organization of actors on the performances of biodiversity restoration projects. It leans on an interdisciplinary framework that uses ecological engineering information to answer an economic issue following the transaction cost economics framework. Applied to four case studies, this analysis allows us to establish a direct link between the organization of restoration projects and their ecological performance and in fine on their reproducibility. In the end we show that projects that are embedded within flexible organizational forms are in phase with ecological engineering principles and are more likely to be replicated. This focus on the organization of actors in restoration projects provides new insights to foster investment in biodiversity restoration.
Published: 2019
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2. Nutritional programming by dietary carbohydrates in European sea bass larvae: not always what expected at juvenile stage

Author: José-Luis Zambonino-Infante, Olivier Mouchel, Stéphane Panserat, Lauriane Madec, Arianna Servili, David Mazurais, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture (NuMéA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), European Project: 288925,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2011-5,ARRAINA(2012), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne)
Subjects: High-carbohydrate regimes, acl, glucose metabolism, Marine fish larvae, Aquatic Science, Carbohydrate metabolism, Nutritional programming, Sucrase, 03 medical and health sciences, Animal science, Aquaculture, Juvenile, Dicentrarchus labrax, 14. Life underwater, Amylase, Sea bass, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, marine fish larvae, Glucose metabolism, biology, business.industry, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Aquatic animal, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, high-carbohydrate regime, 040102 fisheries, biology.protein, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Dicentrarchus, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, dicentrarchus labrax, nutritional programming
Abstract: International audience; Optimizing the metabolic use of these carbohydrate-rich plant products in fish feeds could be achieved through nutritional programming strategies of fish larvae. The present study aims at testing the long-term effect of an early-life high carbohydrate nutritional (34% of starch in the feed )stimulus in European sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax), by examining several biochemical and molecular parameters involved in carbohydrate metabolism in sea bass larvae and juveniles, compared to a control group fed standard larval regime (phase 1). As awaited, specific activities of digestive enzymes, from pancreatic and intestinal segments, involved in glucide digestion (amylase, sucrase) were enhanced together with an up-regulation of glucokinase gene and down-regulation of glucose6-phosphatase gene assayed in whole-body arvae fed the high-carbohydrate diet.However, this regime also induced a significant lowering in growth and survival. Six months later,while all the fish were fed the same standard diet,a first hypoxia challenge test allowed to distinguish two groups of fish according their nutritional history at larval stage: fish had been fed high-carbo-hydrate regime performed much better than control.When fed again during 2 months with a high-carbohydrate diet (phase 2), such larval nutritional history did not confer any subsequent “advantage” or “disadvantage” in term of carbohydrate metabolism and growth.A second hypoxia challenge test performed just after phase2,did not confirm the first one. All together our results indicated that the larval conditioning may fade over time. It was suggested to apply regular nutritional stress pulses during thefirst months of fish life.
Published: 2019
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3. A scientific name for Pacific oysters

Author: Ryan B. Carnegie, B. L. Bayne, Roger Mann, Sylvie Lapegue, Chris Langdon, Maureen K. Krause, Ximing Guo, Eric N. Powell, Pierre Boudry, Dennis Hedgecock, Jonathan P. Davis, M. Anglès d'Auriac, Thierry Backeljau, Sandra E. Shumway, Donal T. Manahan, Peter G. Beninger, Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Mer, molécules et santé EA 2160 (MMS), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS), Rutgers University [Newark], Rutgers University System (Rutgers), University of Southern California (USC), Hofstra University [Hempstead], Oregon State University (OSU), Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, 17390 La Tremblade, France. (LGPMM), Santé, Génétique et Microbiologie des Mollusques (IFREMER SG2M), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), University of Southern Mississippi (USM), University of Connecticut (UCONN), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins (LGPMM), and Santé, Génétique et Microbiologie des Mollusques (SGMM)
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, biology, ACL, letter, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Pacific oyster, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Fishery, 03 medical and health sciences, Crassostrea, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Biology, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: WOS:000447083800041; International audience
Published: 2019
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4. Reconstructing physiological history from growth, a method to invert DEB models

Author: Eric Rannou, Jonathan Flye-Sainte-Marie, Romain Lavaud, Fred Jean, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Mathématiques de Bretagne Atlantique (LMBA), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-STRA-0010,COMANCHE,Interactions écosystémiques et impacts anthropiques dans les populations de Coquilles St-Jacques de la Manche(2010), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-11-LABX-0020,LEBESGUE,Centre de Mathématiques Henri Lebesgue : fondements, interactions, applications et Formation(2011)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Dynamic energy budget, Growth, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Sclerochronology, Environmental reconstruction, Applied mathematics, Sensitivity (control systems), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Mathematics, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Series (mathematics), Physiological reconstruction, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, Bivalve, Filter (signal processing), [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Trajectory, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Dynamic Energy Budget, Smoothing, Linear equation, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: International audience; Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) models rely on measurements of food availability to describe the rates at which organisms assimilate and use energy from food for maintenance, growth, maturation and reproduction. Although crucial, the determination of appropriate and accurate energy input variables can be problematic. We developed an inverted DEB model to reconstruct the food intake from temperature and growth trajectories. The method makes use of a reformulation of the DEB model dynamics into a second order linear equation. This formula not only allows the reconstruction of the scaled functional response but also gives access to reserve dynamics, mobilization, and somatic maintenance fluxes. The shell of the great scallop, Pecten maximus, providing high resolution records of incremental growth, was used to explore the potential of this approach to reconstruct the functional response from daily shell growth rates data. In a theoretical case, we investigated the resolution and sensitivity limits of the method. In a validation process, predictions were used to re-simulate growth that was compared to the initial growth trajectory. Moreover, as growth data used in the reconstruction process usually show high-frequency variability, we also developed a smoothing method, based on DEB theory assumptions, to filter growth data time series.
Published: 2019
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5. What can the shell tell about the scallop? Using growth trajectories along latitudinal and bathymetric gradients to reconstruct physiological history with DEB theory

Author: Aurélie Jolivet, Fred Jean, Eric Rannou, Øivind Strand, Romain Lavaud, Jonathan Flye-Sainte-Marie, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Mathématiques de Bretagne Atlantique (LMBA), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-11-LABX-0020,LEBESGUE,Centre de Mathématiques Henri Lebesgue : fondements, interactions, applications et Formation(2011)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, crassostrea-gigas, sea, Dynamic energy budget, coastal waters, Growth, Aquatic Science, Biology, energy budget model, Oceanography, Spatial distribution, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, bivalve, Life history theory, Sclerochronology, Environmental reconstruction, Phytoplankton, Bathymetric gradient, Pecten maximus, great scallop, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, pecten-maximus, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, food, ACL, Modeling, Pelagic zone, biology.organism_classification, Latitudinal gradient, Benthic zone, feeding-activity, phytoplankton, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Dynamic Energy Budget
Abstract: WOS:000453497600019; International audience; The great scallop, Pecten maximus, presents a strong variability of growth and reproductive patterns along its spatial distribution range. Such differences in life history traits result from complex interactions between organisms and environmental conditions that can be apprehended through the study of energy dynamics. As the determination of accurate food proxy can be a limitation for modeling bioenergetic, recent work by Lavaud et al. (accepted, this issue), based on the DEB theory, provided a new approach consisting of using temperature and growth time series to reconstruct the required assimilated energy to support observed growth. In this study we present an application of this method to growth trajectories of the great scallop P. maximus used to elucidate: (1) life history traits patterns and (2) the choice of food availability proxies. The inverted DEB model was used to reconstruct the functional response (f) for different age classes of P. maximus in 10 locations of its spatial distribution range. We especially explored the patterns of reconstructed f along latitudinal and bathymetric gradients. Average reconstructed f as well as its maximum value were found to increase with latitude. The variability off, although increasing, did not show a significant relationship with the geographical position. Along the bathymetric gradient strong positive relationships were found between the mean f or its variability and depth. Ontogeny had low effect on the reconstructed f. Furthermore, as the inverted DEB model allows the reconstruction of physiological variables and energy fluxes, we explored the potential differences in reserve and maintenance fluxes dynamics from great scallops living in these contrasting environments. For one of the study sites, comparisons of f with field measurements of 11 food indicators (chlorophyll-a from the pelagic/benthic domains, phytoplankton cell counts, etc.) highlighted the complexity of the functional response and the diet of P. maximus. Pelagic or benthic phytoplankton biovolume, diatoms and dinoflagellates counts and chlorophyll-a were found to be the major contributors to the variability of f. Results suggest that although assimilation is best described by a combination of indicators, chlorophyll-a remains a good enough indicator of food availability for great scallops and bivalves in general.
Published: 2019
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6. Understanding the mechanisms involved in the high sensitivity of Pecten maximus larvae to aeration

Author: Sara Pegolo, Luca Bargelloni, Virgile Quillien, Barbara Di Camillo, Marianna Pauletto, Arnaud Huvet, Massimo Milan, Philippe Miner, Serena Ferraresso, Tomaso Patarnello, Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), European Project: 245119,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2009-3,REPROSEED(2010), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, pacific oyster, crassostrea-gigas, Zoology, Veliger, Aquatic Science, early ontogeny, 03 medical and health sciences, Aquaculture, Pecten maximus, great scallop, 14. Life underwater, clam ruditapes-philippinarum, extracellular-matrix, Larva, biology, business.industry, ACL, molecular-cloning, fungi, Aquatic animal, oyster ostrea-edulis, biology.organism_classification, gene-expression, Hatchery, marine bivalves, 030104 developmental biology, Scallop, Aeration, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract: WOS:000442900300025; International audience; Among reared bivalves, some "novel species", such as the great scallop, Pecten maximus, have experienced more difficulty with routine reproduction due to their high sensitivity to biological, chemical, and physical stress during stages of early development. Working with high larval densities requires the use of aeration systems to provide optimal larval suspension and feed distribution. The high susceptibility of the great scallop to aeration in small-volume systems may impose an important limitation in hatchery-based practices. The present study aimed to investigate the processes impacted by aeration in P. maximus veliger larvae exposed to continuous aeration in small-volume tanks (10 L). Aeration appeared as major stressor that was responsible for early mortality among exposed animals (at 96 h after aeration started, haa) when exposure started 13 days after fertilization. Exposed larvae and controls were collected at 12, 24 and 72 haa, and a total of 18 cDNA libraries, each representing a pool of approximately 7,500 larvae, were sequenced, obtaining 358,817,016 raw reads. RNA-seq data were first used to build a de novo transcriptome assembly, and differential transcript abundance was assessed in exposed and control groups; thus, the molecular mechanisms involved in high sensitivity to aeration were deciphered. More than 2,000 transcripts were differentially expressed between exposed and control larvae across the entire time series (logFC \textgreater 1, FDR \textless 5%). Functional analysis revealed that transcriptional changes in larvae exposed to aeration mainly involved the genes that regulate digestive activity and energy metabolism, immune defense, inflammation, apoptosis, larval growth, and development. The results of this study demonstrate that, overall, aeration affects the feeding capacity and energy metabolism of larvae, with expected consequences on the animal's fitness, including its swimming efficiency. Aeration also triggered immune responses and apoptosis, which then increased through opportunistic infections. Notably, infections may be a consequence of a bacterial bloom triggered by the first mortality events that occurred in the culture. This study provides insights into the interactions between environmental variables and great scallop larvae physiology, and the results may contribute to the development of strategies for improving larval rearing practices and ensuring long-term sustainability of P. maximus aquaculture.
Published: 2018
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7. Sulfate minerals control dissolved rare earth element flux and Nd isotope signature of buoyant hydrothermal plume (EMSO-Azores, 37°N Mid-Atlantic Ridge)

Author: Alain Castillo, Laura Cotte, Mathilde Cannat, Matthieu Waeles, Agathe Laes-Huon, Ewan Pelleter, Philippe Nonnotte, Christine Destrigneville, Valérie Chavagnac, Cecile Cathalot, Pierre-Marie Sarradin, Thomas Leleu, Hassan Saleban Ali, Catherine Jeandel, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Health and Safety Laboratory, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche Recherches et Développements Technologiques [Plouzané], Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Domaines Océaniques (LDO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Profond (LEP), Etudes des Ecosystèmes Profonds (EEP), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Géosciences Marines (GM), Laboratoire Géosciences Océan (LGO), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), ANR-14-CE02-0008,LuckyScales,De la chambre magmatique aux micro-habitats: dynamique des écosystèmes hydrothermaux marins profonds(2014), European Project: 211816,EC:FP7:INFRA,FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2007-1,EMSO(2008), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Unité de recherche Géosciences Marines (Ifremer) (GM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, Black smokers, EMSO-Azores, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Hydrothermal circulation, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, 14. Life underwater, Rare earth elements, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Anhydrite, ACL, Neodymium isotopes, North Atlantic Deep Water, Geology, Hydrothermal, Plume, Sulfate minerals, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Seawater, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Hydrothermal vent
Abstract: International audience; While hydrothermal vents are now thought to be a major source of dissolved iron to the oceans, they have always been considered to be a sink for the dissolved rare-earth elements (DREEs). However, true dissolved REE observations in hydrothermal plumes are still lacking. Here we report for the first time the DREE concentrations and neodymium isotopic compositions (DεNd) of buoyant hydrothermal fluids at Lucky Strike (Mid-Atlantic Ridge). We find that 27 to 62% of total hydrothermal DREEs are rapidly scavenged by anhydrite precipitation at the onset of buoyant plume formation. After this initial loss, all DREEs behave quasi-conservatively within the buoyant plume. Dissolved phase εNd (DεNd) in the evolving plume are identical to black smoker DεNd of +9.0 and contrast radically with DεNd of the local deep water mass at −12.0. Plume DεNd as low as +6.6 may be reconciled by dissolution of newly formed barite in the local environment and carrying seawater DεNd signature. We find, based on the first plume DREE observations, that hydrothermal plumes are in fact a source of DREE to the North Atlantic Deep Water. Precipitation/dissolution processes of hydrothermally-derived minerals, i.e. sulfates in the buoyant plume and Fe oxy-hydroxide in the non-buoyant plume, will likely affect the fate of other trace metals and their isotopic composition.
Published: 2018
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8. Copper-binding ligands in the NE Pacific

Author: Constant M.G. van den Berg, Hannah Whitby, Anna M. Posacka, Maria T. Maldonado, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of British Columbia (UBC), University of Liverpool, and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: dissolved organic-matter, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Humic substances, 010501 environmental sciences, Oceanography, Electrochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Medicinal chemistry, cathodic stripping voltammetry, marine-phytoplankton, Copper speciation, Organic ligands, chemistry.chemical_compound, Thiols, Cathodic stripping voltammetry, Environmental Chemistry, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, estuarine waters, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, northeast pacific, methylosinus-trichosporium ob3b, Ligand, humic substances, ACL, Thiourea, General Chemistry, Methanobactin, san-francisco bay, Porphyrin, Copper, Glutathione, chemistry, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, sub-arctic pacific, complexing ligands, Cysteine
Abstract: WOS:000443668500004; International audience; Copper distribution and speciation were determined at stations P4 and P26 along Line P as part of a GEOTRACES Process Study in the Northeast Pacific, at depths between 10 and 1400 m. Two ligand classes (L-1 and L-2) were detected at both stations: the stronger L-1 ligand pool with log K'(cu2+)(L1) 15.0-16.5 and the weaker L-2 ligand pool with log K'(cu2)(+L2) 11.6-13.6. The L-1 class bound on average 94% of dCu, with the ratio between L-1 and dCu constant and close to unity (1.15 = [L-1]:[dCu]). The concentrations of total ligands exceeded those of dCu at all depths, buffering Cu2+ concentrations ([Cu2+]) to femtomolar levels (i.e. pCu 14.1-15.7). Measurements using cathodic stripping voltammetry also identified natural copper-responsive peaks, which were attributed to thiourea- and glutathione-like thiols (TU and GSH, respectively), and Cu-binding humic substances (HScu). Concentrations of TU, GSH and HScu were determined by standard addition of model compounds in an attempt to identify Cu-binding ligands. HScu concentrations were generally higher at P26 than at P4, consistent with a marine origin of the humic material. Overall, HScu contributed to 1-27% of the total L concentration (L-T) and when combined with the two thiols contributed to up to 32% of L-T. This suggests other ligand types are responsible for the majority of dCu complexation in these waters, such as other thiols. Some potential candidates for detected, but unidentified, thiols are cysteine, 3-mercaptopropionic acid and 2-mercaptoethanol, all of which bind Cu. Significant correlation between the concentrations of TU-like thiols and L-1, along with the high log K'(cu)(2+)(L1) values, tentatively suggest that the electrochemical TU-type peak could be part of a larger, unidentified, high-affinity Cu compound, such as a methanobactin or porphyrin, with a stronger binding capability than typical thiols. This could imply that chalkophores may play a greater role in oceanic dCu complexation than previously considered.
Published: 2018
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9. Trophic flow structure of a neotropical estuary in northeastern Brazil and the comparison of ecosystem model indicators of estuaries

Author: Ronaldo Angelini, Thierry Frédou, François Le Loc'h, Flávia Lucena Frédou, Frédéric Ménard, Carlos Lacerda, Alex Souza Lira, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco [Recife] (UFPE), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte [Natal] (UFRN), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Subtropics, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecopath, Food chain, Ecosystem model, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Trophic level, Biomass (ecology), Global comparison of ecological indicators, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, Centropomus, Food web, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Tropical estuary, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; We developed an Ecopath model for the Estuary of Sirinhaem River (SIR), a small-sized system surrounded by mangroves, subject to high impact, mainly by the sugar cane and other farming industries in order to describe the food web structure and trophic interactions. In addition, we compared our findings with those of 20 available Ecopath estuarine models for tropical, subtropical and temperate regions, aiming to synthesize the knowledge on trophic dynamics and provide a comprehensive analysis of the structures and functioning of estuaries. Our model consisted of 25 compartments and its indicators were within the expected range for estuarine areas around the world. The average trophic transfer efficiency for the entire system was 11.8%, similar to the theoretical value of 10%. The Keystone Index and MTI (Mixed Trophic Impact) analysis indicated that the snook (Centropomus undecimalis and Centropomus parallelus) and jack (Caranx latus and Caranx hippos) are considered as key resources in the system, revealing their high impact in the food web. Both groups have a high ecological and commercial relevance, despite the unregulated fisheries. As result of the comparison of ecosystem model indicators in estuaries, differences in the ecosystem structure from the low latitude zones (tropical estuaries) to the high latitude zones (temperate system) were noticed. The structure of temperate and sub-tropical estuaries is based on high flows of detritus and export, while tropical systems have high biomass, respiration and consumption rates. Higher values of System Omnivory Index (SOI) and Overhead (SO) were observed in the tropical and subtropical estuaries, denoting a more complex food chain. Globally, none of the estuarine models were classified as fully mature ecosystems, although the tropical ecosystems were considered more mature than the subtropical and temperate ecosystems. This study is an important contribution to the trophic modeling of estuaries, which may also help the knowledge of the role of key ecosystem processes in SIR.
Published: 2018
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10. Diatom response to oceanographic and climatic changes in the Congo fan area, equatorial Atlantic Ocean, during the last 190ka BP

Author: Tania Marsset, Xavier Crosta, A. Le Herisse, L. Droz, T. Hatin, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Géosciences Océan (LGO), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Domaines Océaniques (LDO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Dissolved silica, Millennial time scale, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Phytoplankton, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, 14. Life underwater, Glacial period, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Holocene, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Productivity, Congo fan area, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Diatoms, biology, Paleontology, biology.organism_classification, Diatom, Angola Basin, Productivity (ecology), 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Upwelling, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Late quaternary, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Changes in siliceous productivity in the eastern Equatorial Atlantic Ocean, off the Western African margin, over the last several glacial cycles have been either related to global-to-regional oceanographic changes (upwelling intensity) or climate changes (precipitation and river discharge). Based on diatom assemblages in core KZAI-02, located to the south of the mouth of the Congo River, integrated with a selection of geochemical proxies, we show that siliceous productivity in the southeastern Angola Basin responded to non-linear interactions between both oceanographic and climate changes over the last 190,000 years. High diatom accumulation rates were recorded in the middle part of MIS 6, in cold substage MIS 5d and in MIS 3-2. During these intervals, high diatom productivity was sustained essentially by nutrients, including dissolved silica, injected by the Congo River into the ocean. The highest productivity was observed during MIS 3, when nutrients were sourced both from the river and regional upwelling. Low diatom accumulation rates were recorded during early and late MIS 6, MIS 5e, early MIS 4 and during the Holocene. These resulted either from low river discharge and overall low nutrient stocks in the Angola Basin (despite evidence for upwelling) or from extremely high river discharge. In the case of the latter, the terrigenous load drastically increased the turbidity of the surface waters in the southeastern Angola Basin and lowered phytoplankton productivity despite the presence of sufficient dissolved silica.
Published: 2017
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11. Building functional groups of marine benthic macroinvertebrates on the basis of general community assembly mechanisms

Author: Nikolaos Alexandridis, Nicolas Desroy, Cédric Bacher, Fred Jean, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Benthique Côtière (LEBCO), Dynamiques des Écosystèmes Côtiers (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Environnement Ressource Bretagne Nord (LERBN), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0019,LabexMER,LabexMER Marine Excellence Research: a changing ocean(2010), Dynamiques de l'Environnement Côtier (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biological traits, Ecology (disciplines), Niche, Biodiversity, Aquatic Science, Biology, Functional diversity, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Emergent groups, Functional redundancy, Benthic communities, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Invertebrate, Basis (linear algebra), Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, functional diversity, Benthic zone, Trait, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Functional divergence, Assembly mechanisms
Abstract: WOS:000394716200001; International audience; The accurate reproduction of the spatial and temporal dynamics of marine benthic biodiversity requires the development of mechanistic models, based on the processes that shape macroinvertebrate communities. The modelled entities should, accordingly, be able to adequately represent the many functional roles that are performed by benthic organisms. With this goal in mind, we applied the emergent group hypothesis (EGH), which assumes functional equivalence within and functional divergence between groups of species. The first step of the grouping involved the selection of 14 biological traits that describe the role of benthic macroinvertebrates in 7 important community assembly mechanisms. A matrix of trait values for the 240 species that occurred in the Rance estuary (Brittany, France) in 1995 formed the basis for a hierarchical classification that generated 20 functional groups, each with its own trait values. The functional groups were first evaluated based on their ability to represent observed patterns of biodiversity. The two main assumptions of the EGH were then tested, by assessing the preservation of niche attributes among the groups and the neutrality of functional differences within them. The generally positive results give us confidence in the ability of the grouping to recreate functional diversity in the Rance estuary. A first look at the emergent groups provides insights into the potential role of community assembly mechanisms in shaping biodiversity patterns. Our next steps include the derivation of general rules of interaction and their incorporation, along with the functional groups, into mechanistic models of benthic biodiversity.
Published: 2017
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12. Establishment of microbiota in larval culture of Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas

Author: Jean-Louis Nicolas, Jérôme Mounier, Bruno Petton, Jacqueline Le Grand, Katia Asmani, René Robert, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne (LUBEM), Université de Brest (UBO), IFR148 ScInBioS, European Project: 245119,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2009-3,REPROSEED(2010), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Oyster, 030106 microbiology, Zoology, hatchery, Broodstock, Aquatic Science, Hatchery, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Pseudoalteromonas, biology.animal, recirculation, Bivalve larvae, 14. Life underwater, Rhodobacteraceae, ras, biology, ACL, Microbiota, Planctomycetes, bacterial diversity, temperature, Pyrosequencing, dynamics, Pacific oyster, biology.organism_classification, communities, Burkholderiales, marine bivalves, 030104 developmental biology, aquaculture, vibrio-parahaemolyticus, systems, Proteobacteria, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, RAS
Abstract: 00000 ăWOS:000383370300057; International audience; This study has two main objectives: (1) to implement a recycling aquaculture system (RS) for the larvae of the oyster Crassostrea gigas, and (2) to characterise the bacterial communities established in different compartments of this system. An RS with 25% fresh seawater addition per hour and another with no addition (0%) were compared with a flow-through system (FT). Larval survival was equivalent in RS and FT, but growth rate was 17% slower in RS than in FT. The physical chemical parameters remained stable, except for pH that decreased to 7.75 and salinity that increased to 37.5% in the RS 0%. In both systems, the cultivable bacteria were present in similar numbers in seawater (around 10(5) ml(-1)) and in larvae (10(3) larva(-1)) on day 15. Bacterial assemblages, characterised by 454 pyrosequencing of the V1-V3 region of 16S rRNA, were highly similar (50-65%) for compartments, regardless of rearing system and sampling time, but the compartments were clearly different from one another. At the beginning of rearing, larval microbiota was mostly composed of Proteobacteria (similar to 90%), with 47% Rhodobacteraceae (gamma-Proteobacteria). beta-Proteobacteria, including Pseudoalteromonas, Alteromonas and a few vibrios, declined in the rearing period (25% on day 7 to 9% on day 15). At the end of rearing, colonisation by two members of the Burkholderiales (beta-Proteobacteria), 45% on average on day 15, had decreased overall diversity. Seawater microbiota was more stable with in all batches as one unclassified bacterium present in all batches (27 +/- 7%), 42 OTUs of alpha-Proteobacteria (19 +/- 7%) and 26 of gamma-Proteobacteria (14%). Change was due notably to a species of Cryomorphaceae (Flavobacteria) that reached 15 +/- 7% on day 15. Predatory bacteria, Bdellovivrio spp. and Bacteriovorax spp. were present (3-12%) and could participate in the regulation of bacterial populations. Bacterial assemblages in RS bioreactors remained stable and were mainly composed of Rhodobacteraceae, Rhizobiales and Planctomycetes. Only a few nitrite oxidisers were detected and no ammonia oxidisers, although nitrification was efficient in RS without addition of new water. The larval microbiota was made up of bacteria growing in seawater, but some such as the Burkholderiales could have come from the broodstock. Several bacteria predominant in seawater were first harboured in the algal culture. Finally, despite sanitary measures in the hatchery (UV treatment and frequent cleaning), the diversity of microbiota remained high, and it did not contain pathogenic bacteria. The presence of this microbiota might even be indispensable to ensure normal ontogenesis, as suggested by the holobiont concept. Statement of relevance RAS and control of microbiota should improve bivalve larval culture.
Published: 2016
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13. Seasonal variation of sperm quality in Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas)

Author: Marc Suquet, Isabelle Queau, Dominique Ratiskol, Christian Fauvel, Claudie Quéré, Florent Malo, Jacqueline Le Grand, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, Département Systèmes Sous-Marins - IFREMER, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and ANR-11-INBS-0003,CRB-Anim,Réseau de Centres de Ressources Biologiques pour les animaux domestiques(2011)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, endocrine system, Sperm quality, gamete quality, Zoology, Aquatic Science, 03 medical and health sciences, Condition index, Aquaculture, Seasonal breeder, medicine, spawning season, 14. Life underwater, time, reproductive and urinary physiology, Cryopreservation, biology, business.industry, Ecology, urogenital system, ACL, Motility, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Pacific oyster, biology.organism_classification, Sperm, Hatchery, Fish, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, age, Crassostrea gigas, 040102 fisheries, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Crassostrea, Gamete, Season, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Sperm ageing
Abstract: WOS:000383370300081; International audience; Seasonal changes of sperm quality which can affect sperm biological parameters throughout the breeding period, have been little studied in mollusc species. Controlling gamete quality would aid the management of gametes in hatcheries and the development of selection programs. The aim of the present study was to describe the changes in sperm quality of wild Pacific oysters through the spawning season by comparing sperm parameters al the beginning (May), middle (July) and end (October) of this period using a panel of bio-descriptors. These parameters were studied over the 2014 breeding season based on shed sperm collected after serotonin injection of wild breeders. A significantly higher percentage of motile sperm was observed al the end of the spawning season (+78% relative to the value observed al the beginning) althought a lower total number of spermatozoa was collected (-59%). The mean condition index of oysters, however, was no different between the three sampling dates. For intratesticular sperm, the increase of the percentage of motile sperm and Velocity of the Average Path (VAP) in relation to time post activation was not significantly different among sperm sampling periods, suggesting that the kinetic of the sperm 'maturation process was similar. Furthermore, the mean VAP observed on shed sperm did not change through the spawning season. The sub-continuous gametogenesis of Pacific oyster can help to explain why only limited consequences of sperm ageing are observed in this species. Furthermore, the effects of sperm ageing may depend on the annual reproductive pattern of Pacific oyster. Statement of relevance: This study showed the effect of sperm ageing on sperm quality parameters. This knowledge is useful for aquaculture and would support the recent trends of mollusc farming, allowing a better management of the gametes in hatchery.
Published: 2016
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14. A new approach to determine the distributional effects of quota management in fisheries

Author: Claire Macher, Manuel Bellanger, Olivier Guyader, Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer (AMURE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Common-pool resources, Fishing, Distribution (economics), Aquatic Science, Distribution, 01 natural sciences, Producer organizations, Production (economics), 14. Life underwater, Theil index, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Equity (finance), Fishery management, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Common-pool resource, Fishery, Inequality, Management system, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040102 fisheries, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Fisheries management, business, Catch shares
Abstract: International audience; Quota allocation mechanisms have distributional effects that are highly relevant to the economic organization of fisheries. In France, where fishing allocations are non-transferable, quotas are shared among Producer Organizations (POs) based on the historical landings of their members. Each PO is then responsible for implementing their own internal rules that provide individual or collective allocations to their members. This study investigates the distributional effects of the various quota management systems adopted by POs on quotas and production for the Bay of Biscay sole fishery. A comparison between initial allocations by vessel based on historical landings and actual observed landings is presented. Inequality metrics are used to quantify distributional effects, and a new method that is based on the decomposability property of the Theil index is introduced. Results show that the French management system successfully avoided concentration of production while reducing the fishing capacity through decommissioning schemes. The non-transferability of fishing allocations is a critical element that favored this outcome by allowing POs to control the distribution of catch shares in the fishery. Besides, it appears that the allocation strategies developed by POs were notably influenced by their local roots and their fishing fleet profiles. The various quota allocation systems among POs had contrasting effects on vessels’ production, including greater equity within particular subfleets, benefits to vessels most dependent on sole in most POs, and benefits to the small-scale fisheries in a few POs.
Published: 2016
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15. Arctic in Rapid Transition: Priorities for the future of marine and coastal research in the Arctic

Author: Marcel Nicolaus, Alexey Pavlov, Carolyn Wegner, Mathilde Jacquot, Helen S. Findlay, Kathrin Keil, Michael Fritz, Ilka Peeken, Monika Kędra, Sanna Majaneva, Stefan Hendricks, Anna Nikolopoulos, Makoto Sampei, Kirstin Werner, Matt O'Regan, Angelika H. H. Renner, Nathalie Morata, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Akvaplan-Niva [Tromsø], Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies [Potsdam] (IASS), Norwegian Polar Institute, Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Linnaeus University, Université de Brest (UBO), Stockholm University, Hiroshima University, and Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Future research priorities, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, future research priorities, Climate change, Aquatic Science, new methodologies, 01 natural sciences, Interdisciplinary, 14. Life underwater, Environmental planning, Biological sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, early career scientists, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Research planning, New methodologies, Early career scientists, Ecology, ACL, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Corporate governance, Variety (cybernetics), The arctic, Marine biodiversity, Oceanography, Arctic, 13. Climate action, interdisciplinary, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Understanding and responding to the rapidly occurring environmental changes in the Arctic over the past few decades require new approaches in science. This includes improved collaborations within the scientific community but also enhanced dialogue between scientists and societal stakeholders, especially with Arctic communities. As a contribution to the Third International Conference on Arctic Research Planning (ICARP III), the Arctic in Rapid Transition (ART) network held an international workshop in France, in October 2014, in order to discuss high-priority requirements for future Arctic marine and coastal research from an early-career scientists (ECS) perspective. The discussion encompassed a variety of research fields, including topics of oceanographic conditions, sea-ice monitoring, marine biodiversity, land-ocean interactions, and geological reconstructions, as well as law and governance issues. Participants of the workshop strongly agreed on the need to enhance interdisciplinarity in order to collect comprehensive knowledge about the modern and past Arctic Ocean’s geo-ecological dynamics. Such knowledge enables improved predictions of Arctic developments and provides the basis for elaborate decision-making on future actions under plausible environmental and climate scenarios in the high northern latitudes. Priority research sheets resulting from the workshop’s discussions were distributed during the ICARPIII meetings in April 2015 in Japan, and are publicly available online.
Published: 2016
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16. Aerial and underwater carbon metabolism of a Zostera noltii seagrass bed in the Banc d'Arguin, Mauritania

Author: Antoine Carlier, Laurent Chauvaud, Jacques Clavier, Christian Hily, P. Labrosse, Matthijs van der Geest, Erwan Amice, Ahmed Diagne, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Institut Mauritanien de Recherches Océanographiques et des Pêches (IMROP), This study was funded by the Franco-Mauritanian PACOBA project, and Olff group
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, DYNAMICS, MARINE ANGIOSPERMS, SEASONAL-VARIATION, HORNEM, Intertidal zone, Intertidal, Plant Science, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, OXYGEN, Dissolved organic carbon, Botany, Respiration, Zostera, Seagrass, Zostera noltei, biology, Primary production, Isotope, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, PHOTOSYNTHESIS, Carbon respiration, WADDEN SEA, COASTAL LAGOON, biology.organism_classification, Zostera noltii, Metabolism, Benthic zone, Infrared gas analyzer, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Africa, DIOXIDE
Abstract: Community respiration and primary production were measured in a dense intertidal Zostera noltii bedon the Banc d’Arguin, Mauritania (West Africa) under aerial and submerged conditions. Metabolism wasstudied in situ in dark and transparent benthic chambers. CO2 fluxes in the air were measured over a seriesof short-term incubations (3 min) using an infrared gas analyzer. Dissolved inorganic carbon fluxes werecalculated from concentration changes during one-hour underwater incubations. Air and underwaterirradiance levels were measured every minute throughout the experiments. Carbon respiration was lowerin the air (2.2mmolm−2 h−1) than underwater (5.0mmolm−2 h−1); similarly, a production-irradiancemodel fitted to the data indicated that gross maximal photosynthetic rate was markedly lower duringemergence (6.0mmolCm−2 h−1) than under water (42.7mmolCm−2 h−1). The 13C values observed inshoots indicated a decrease in atmospheric CO2 contribution, compared to dissolved inorganic carbon, inZ. noltii metabolism along a depth gradient within a single location. As the seagrass bed remains under athin layer of water at low tide at the studied site, the large difference in primary production can be mainlyattributed to photosynthesis inhibition by high pH and oxygen concentration, as well as to the negativefeedback of self-shading by seagrass leaves during emersion. The observed differences in respiration canbe explained by the oxygen deficit at night during low tide near the sediment surface, a deficit that isconsistent with the abundance of anoxia-tolerant species.
Published: 2011
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17. Marine habitats ecosystem service potential: A vulnerability approach in the Normand-Breton (Saint Malo) Gulf, France

Author: Harold Levrel, F. Morisseau, Eric Thiébaut, S. Carrier, Rémi Mongruel, K. Dedieu, Pedro Cabral, Fabienne Daures, J. Schoenn, P. Le Mao, C. Rollet, Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer (AMURE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre De Recherche et d'Enseignement sur les Systèmes Côtiers (CRESCO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence des Aires Marines Protégées, VALMER [4189], ERDF, Lyonnaise des eaux and the French Government via the National Research Agency through the investment expenditure program IDEALG, `Investissements d'avenir, Biotechnologies-Bioressources' [ANR-10-BTBR-04], ANR-10-BTBR-0004,IDEALG,Biotechnologies pour la valorisation des macroalgues(2010), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Geography, Planning and Development, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Marine Strategy Framework Directive, 14. Life underwater, MSFD, Malo, Risk management, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Seascape, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, biology, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Habitat risk assessment, Environmental resource management, Marine habitats, Marine spatial planning, Provisioning, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Geography, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Marine governance, business, Habitat vulnerability
Abstract: International audience; In this paper is assessed the vulnerability of the benthic habitats potential to deliver ES caused by physical, chemical and biological pressures identified by the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) in the Normand-Breton (Saint Malo) Gulf (GNB), in France. The InVEST Habitat Risk Assessment (HRA) model provides useful information for identifying the regions on the seascape where the impacts of human activities are the highest. Additionally, and because the HRA does not address any ES in particular but the whole set of services offered by marine and coastal ecosystems, we analyze the habitats potential to deliver different types of ES (provisioning, regulating and maintenance, and cultural) using habitats vulnerability as a proxy. Concept-driven scenarios are presented to enable the understanding of existing trade-offs as a consequence of different management options. Results provide relevant ES-based information for managers to communicate with stakeholders and prioritize actions for risk mitigation.
Published: 2015
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18. Organic matter characterization and distribution in sediments of the terminal lobes of the Congo deep-sea fan: Evidence for the direct influence of the Congo River

Author: Christophe Rabouille, Karine Charlier, Philippe Martinez, Bernard Dennielou, Audrey M. Pruski, Elsa Stetten, Johann Schnyder, Jennifer Coston-Guarini, François Baudin, Jean-Louis Reyss, Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Océan et Interfaces (OCEANIS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche Géosciences Marines (Ifremer) (GM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), ANR-11-BS56-0030,CONGOLOBE,Transfert de carbone organique et fonctionnement des écosystèmes dans les lobes terminaux de l'éventail sous-marin du Congo(2011), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Géosciences Marines (GM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Turbidity current, Terrestrial organic matter, Submarine canyon, Oceanography, Deep sea, Geochemistry and Petrology, River mouth, Organic matter, Recent lobe complex, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, chemistry.chemical_classification, Total organic carbon, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Congo River, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Continental shelf, ACL, Turbiditic system, Geology, 15. Life on land, Preservation, Palynofacies, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; The terminal lobe complex of the Congo River submarine fan sits on the abyssal Atlantic plain, at 5000 m water depth, 760 km offshore from the river mouth estuarine area. While most rivers deliver particulate material to the continental shelf, particulate matter from the Congo River largely bypasses the shelf and is transported by turbidity currents through the Congo submarine canyon system. We determined the quantity and quality of the organic matter reaching the terminal lobe complex at five sites with marked morphological differences that may influence the distribution of organic matter. A suite of bulk geochemical (% OC, δ13Corg, δ15N, C: N), 137Cs and palynofacies analyses were done on cores collected from the terminal lobe area. These results were also compared to the composition of sediments collected upstream at the Malebo Pool (Congo River).Distal lobe complex sediments contain high amounts of terrestrial organic carbon (3–5 wt.%) that is homogeneously distributed in surficial (22 cm) and deeper sediments (580 cm) silty–clay facies. Strongly altered soil-derived organic matter with well-preserved land plant detritus from the Congo River predominates. A terrestrial soil origin for the particulate load was confirmed by the elevated 137Cs activity in lobe sediments. The vertical distribution of the 137Cs signal suggests that there has been a massive arrival of terrestrial sediments since 1963, consistent with a turbiditic origin. From the locations surveyed, we estimate a maximum accumulation of terrestrial organic carbon of ca. 1 kg OC m− 2 y− 1 for the distal lobe. However, transport modifies the organic matter both in terms of quantity and quality. Observed differences were attributed to preferential degradation of nitrogenous matter during diagenesis and to the addition of highly remineralized marine organic matter.Results from our temporal reference site (E) suggest that organic matter may be preserved in turbidite facies for thousands of years. The good preservation state of the accumulated organic matter shows that turbiditic lobe complexes should be considered as a sink for terrestrial organic carbon in the deep ocean.
Published: 2015
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19. A microarray-based analysis of oocyte quality in the European clam Ruditapes decussatus

Author: Luca Bargelloni, Marianna Pauletto, Alexandra Leitão, Massimo Milan, Ana Margarete Matias, Sandra Joaquim, Virgile Quillien, Joana Teixeira de Sousa, Domitília Matias, Arnaud Huvet, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Instituto Português de Investigação do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Qatar University, European Project: 245119,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2009-3,REPROSEED(2010), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd)
Subjects: Oocyte, mollusk oocytes, Microarray, Developmental success, functional-analysis, oyster crassostrea-gigas, egg quality, mercenaria-mercenaria, Aquatic Science, Biology, Transcriptome, Bivalvia, Reproduction, Next generation sequencing, transcriptomics, Ruditapes decussatus, meiotic maturation, Gene expression, Botany, medicine, Pacific oyster, larval viability, Transcriptomics, Gene, PRDM9, Messenger RNA, ACL, gene-expression, Cell biology, Gene expression profiling, medicine.anatomical_structure, Marine bivalve, protein disulfide-isomerase, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: WOS:000355672000004; A microarray-based analysis was performed with the objective of describing genomic features of oocytes and looking for potential markers of oocyte quality in the economically important European clam, Ruditapes decussatus. Oocytes of 25 females from Ria de Aveiro, western coast of Portugal (40 degrees 42'N; 08 degrees 40'W) were selected for this study and oocyte quality was estimated by success of D-larval rate under controlled conditions, which appeared to vary from 0 to 95%. By genome-wide expression profiling with a DNA microarray, 526 probes appeared differentially expressed between two groups representing the largest and smallest value of D larval rates, named good (represented by a mean D-larval yield of 57 +/- 22%) and poor (9 +/- 5%) quality oocytes. Enrichment analysis showed "lysosome" (dre04142) as the single pathway represented in the enriched KEGG pathway terms, with 8 genes coding for putative cathepsins. Furthermore, differentially expressed genes involved in oocyte protection (DnaJ (Hsp40), Hsp70, cyclophilin B, PDI), maturation (Cam-PDE1C, PRDM9, G protein), sperm-egg interaction (PDI, G protein) and apoptosis (TNF) were also identified. From these, the apoptosis pathway was supposed to assume an important role in oocyte quality as the mRNA level of caspase 8 appeared also negatively correlated with the D-larval yield. Finally, a G-protein transcript was identified as more abundant in poor quality oocytes, which underlines the importance of release prophase I block and meiotic maturation in the oocytes of this species. This study provided new highly valuable information on genes specifically expressed by mature oocytes of R. decussatus, for further understanding of the mechanisms of early development in this species. Statement of relevance Understand the mechanisms of early development in the European clam R. decussatus.
Published: 2015
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20. Exposure to toxic Alexandrium minutum activates the detoxifying and antioxidant systems in gills of the oyster Crassostrea gigas

Author: Yeni Sulistiyani, Hansy Haberkorn, Hélène Hégaret, Caroline Fabioux, Philippe Soudant, Zouher Amzil, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and ANR-06-SEST-0023,MODECOPHY,Modélisation des mécanismes de contamination des coquillages par des phycotoxines(2006)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Gill, Oyster, Antioxidant, animal structures, Paralytic shellfish toxins, Alexandrium minutum, medicine.medical_treatment, mRNA, Glutathione reductase, Plant Science, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, biology.animal, Botany, medicine, 14. Life underwater, Shellfish, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, fungi, food and beverages, Glutathione, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Shellfish poisoning, chemistry, Detoxification enzymes, Crassostrea gigas, Crassostrea, Antioxidant enzymes, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Harmful algal blooms of Alexandrium spp. dinoflagellates regularly occur in French coastal waters contaminating shellfish. Studies have demonstrated that toxic Alexandrium spp. disrupt behavioural and physiological processes in marine filter-feeders, but molecular modifications triggered by phycotoxins are less well understood. This study analyzed the mRNA levels of 7 genes encoding antioxidant/detoxifying enzymes in gills of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) exposed to a cultured, toxic strain of A. minutum, a producer of paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) or fed Tisochrysis lutea (T. lutea, formerly Isochrysis sp., clone Tahitian (T. iso)), a non-toxic control diet, in four repeated experiments. Transcript levels of sigma-class glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and ferritin (Fer) were significantly higher in oysters exposed to A. minutum compared to oysters fed T. lutea. The detoxification pathway based upon glutathione (GSH)-conjugation of toxic compounds (phase II) is likely activated, and catalyzed by GST. This system appeared to be activated in gills probably for the detoxification of PST and/or extra-cellular compounds, produced by A. minutum. GST, GR and Fer can also contribute to antioxidant functions to prevent cellular damage from increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) originating either from A. minutum cells directly, from oyster hemocytes during immune response, or from other gill cells as by-products of detoxification.
Published: 2015
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21. Assessment of oocyte and trochophore quality in Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas

Author: Quillien Virgile, Corporeau Charlotte, Suquet Marc, Boulais Myrina, Huvet Arnaud, Fabioux Caroline, Bernard Ismaël, Quere Claudie, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), European Project: 245119,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2009-3,REPROSEED(2010), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Zoology, Aquatic Science, Human fertilization, Aquaculture, Oocyte quality, medicine, 14. Life underwater, biology, business.industry, Ecology, ACL, Pacific oyster, Trochophore, Lipid, biology.organism_classification, Oocyte, Hatchery, ATP, medicine.anatomical_structure, Crassostrea gigas, Crassostrea, Gamete, Gene expression, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract: Pacific oyster hatchery production remains highly variable, partially due to inconsistent gamete quality. However, little attention has been paid to oocyte quality in Pacific oyster compared to important vertebrate aqua-culture species such as fishes. The aims of the present study were to identify criteria of oocyte and trochophore quality used as predictive tools for embryo developmental success at the D-larval stage. Twenty-six potential proxies of oocyte and trochophore quality were studied on 25 mature females, as determined using histology. Some morphological and biochemical characteristics of mature oocytes were described. Protein appeared to be the main constituent of fully mature Pacific oyster oocytes. Neutral lipids accounted for 61% of the total lipids and triglycerides for 85% of the neutral lipids. Oocyte fertilization capacity was assessed by determining the D-larval yield. High inter-individual variation of D-larval yield was observed (ranging from 1% to 58%). D-larval yield was positively correlated with the percentage of motile trochophores (R-2 = 0.237) and with trochophore velocity of the average path (VAP; R-2 = 0.255) and negatively correlated with oocyte total steryl esters (R-2 = 0.244). The use of a multivariate model, including D-larval yield, trochophore VAP and total steryl esters, led to a higher coefficient of determination (R-2 = 0.352), highlighting that the prediction of embryo development in mollusks is a complex process requiring sophisticated multi-factor models.
Published: 2015
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22. Scallop larval survival from erythromycin treated broodstock after conditioning without sediment

Author: Marine Holbach, Bruno Petton, Philippe Archambault, Réjean Tremblay, René Robert, Pierre Boudry, Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), European Project: 245119,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2009-3,REPROSEED(2010), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Larva, Antiinfective agent, Ecology, business.industry, ACL, fungi, Aquatic animal, Broodstock, Aquatic Science, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Animal science, Aquaculture, Larval survival, Broodstock conditioning, Scallop, Conditioning, Pecten maximus, Vibriosis, 14. Life underwater, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract: Pathogenic bacteria are known to be one of the main factors affecting Pecten maximus larval survival in hatcheries. As a result, juvenile production often relies on the use of antibiotics during larval culture. However, limitations of the usage of chemicals such as chloramphenicol in aquaculture have been reinforced due to their negative environmental impact and alternatives are accordingly needed. Thus, the importance of bacterial transfer from oocytes to larvae has been studied here as well as procedures to limit larval mortality in P. maximus. In order to reduce bacterial contamination during larval development, we focused on two periods, broodstock conditioning and post- fertilization. The animals were conditioned for 2 months with two erythromycin treatments of 6 days, with (SA) or without sandy- bottom (NSA). The absence of sediment strongly reduced contamination by Vibrios of oocytes (NSA: 0.003 +/- 0.002 CFU oocyte(-1) SA: 0.57 +/- 0.17 CFU oocyte(-1)) and D-larvae (NSA: 0.14 +/- 0.05 CFU D-larva(-1) SA: 0.51 +/- 0.002 CFU D- larva(-1)). It also enhanced survival by 52% at 15 days post fertilization, whereas a two day antibiotic treatment of D-larvae did not improve subsequent survival, regardless of broodstock conditioning method. Furthermore, both treatments led to similar fatty acid profiles of oocytes and resulting larvae, suggesting that broodstock conditioning was physiologically similar with or without sediment. This work has shown that gamete contamination could be reduced when sandy-bottom was removed during broodstock conditioning under bacterial control with erythromycin. The present results contribute to a reduced utilization of antimicrobial agents for great scallop larval rearing in controlled condition.
Published: 2015
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23. Sequential resuspension of biofilm components (viruses, prokaryotes and protists) as measured by erodimetry experiments in the Brouage mudflat (French Atlantic coast)

Author: Clarisse Mallet, Katell Guizien, Christine Dupuy, Françoise Mornet, Camille La Fontaine, Francis Orvain, Hélène Montanié, Martine Bréret, Caroline Nérot, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques (LRH), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-06-BLAN-0393,VASIREMI,Trophic significance of microbial biofilms in tidal flats(2006), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Chlorophyll a, Peringia ulvae, Microorganism, Mudflat, Microorganisms, Soil science, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Spatial distribution, Resuspension, chemistry.chemical_compound, 14. Life underwater, Shear velocity, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Hydrology, biology, ACL, Biofilm, Benthic-pelagic coupling, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, chemistry, Initial phase, Chlorophyll, Viruses, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Resuspension thresholds in terms of friction velocity were experimentally quantified for the prokaryotes, protists and for the first time, viruses of intertidal mudflat biofilms. Differences in resuspension thresholds could be related to the type, behaviour and size of microorganisms and their association with particles. Free microorganisms (viruses, bacteria and some nanoflagellates) were resuspended by weak flow at friction velocities lower than 2 cm s− 1. Chlorophyll a, some nanoflagellates and attached bacteria were resuspended together with the bed's muddy sediment, which required friction velocities larger than 3 cm s− 1. Diatoms smaller than 60 μm were resuspended at velocities between 3 and 5 cm s− 1, while those larger than 60 μm were resuspended at higher friction velocities (5.5 to 6.5 cm s− 1).The thresholds of resuspension also depended on the micro-scale position of microorganisms in the sediment (horizontal and vertical distributions). In the field, the vertical distribution of chlorophyll a (a proxy of microphytobenthos) was skewed, with a maximum in the first 2 mm of sediment. Along the neap–spring tidal cycle, chlorophyll a revealed an increase in MPB biomass in the first 2 mm of the sediment, in relation to light increases with exposure durations. The horizontal distribution of chlorophyll a could be inferred from erosion experiments. During the initial phase of biofilm growth, the distribution of chlorophyll a seemed horizontally homogeneous, and was uniformly eroded at the beginning of the increase in chlorophyll a. From these results, we can make a hypothesis: in the subsequent phase of biofilm growth until the maximum of emersion duration, the eroded quantity of chlorophyll a was larger than expected based from chlorophyll a vertical distribution, suggesting that biofilm horizontal distribution became patchy and enriched chlorophyll a was preferentially eroded. When emersion duration and biofilm growth decreased, the trend was reversed, and eroded quantity of chlorophyll a was lower than expected from chlorophyll a vertical distribution, suggesting that areas with low chlorophyll a were preferentially eroded. Such erosion patterns when biofilm growth decreased probably resulted from the bulldozing activity of a surficial sediment bioturbator, the gastropod Peringia ulvae. Our study did not directly prove this horizontal distribution but it should be further discussed. This distribution needs to be studied to acquire real evidence of patchy distributions.
Published: 2014
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24. Contrasted survival under field or controlled conditions displays associations between mRNA levels of candidate genes and response to OsHV-1 infection in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas

Author: Virgile Quillien, Arnaud Huvet, Pierre Boudry, Ronghua Li, Julien Normand, Jean-Louis Nicolas, Fabrice Pernet, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and Laboratoire Environnement Ressources de Normandie (LERN)
Subjects: Candidate gene, Inhibitor of kappa B, Aquatic Science, Genome, Ostreid herpesvirus, Genetics, Juvenile, Animals, 14. Life underwater, RNA, Messenger, Crassostrea, Mortality, Gene, Genetic Association Studies, Herpesviridae, biology, Ecology, Superoxide Dismutase, ACL, Gene Expression Profiling, Outbreak, Molluscs, Pacific oyster, biology.organism_classification, Gene expression profiling, 3. Good health, Summer mortality, Gene Expression Regulation, I-kappa B Proteins, France, Seasons, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Transcriptome
Abstract: International audience; Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas suffers from chronic or sporadic mortality outbreaks worldwide, resulting from infectious diseases and/or physiological disorders triggered by environmental factors. Since 2008, ostreid herpesvirus O5HV-1 mu Var has been identified as the main agent responsible for mass mortality of juvenile oysters in Europe. Previous studies of genome-wide expression profiling have provided candidate genes that potentially contribute to genetically-based resistance to summer mortality. To assess their value in determining resistance to the juvenile mass mortality that has occurred in France since 2008, we analyzed the expression of 17 candidate genes in an experimental infection by O5HV-1 mu Var, and in an in vivo field experiment. Individual quantification of mRNA levels of 10 out of the 17 targeted genes revealed significant variation, of which 7 genes were showed differences between conditions that created significant differences in mortality, and 6 depended on the number of OsHV-1 genome copies individually quantified in mantle tissue. Complex SOD metalloenzymes known to be part of the antioxidant defense strategies may at least partly determine susceptibility or resistance to OsHV-1-associated mortality. Furthermore, inhibitor 2 of NF-kappa B, termed CgI kappa B2, exhibited highly significant variation of mRNA levels depending on O5HV-1 load in both experiments, suggesting its implication in the antiviral immune response of C gigas. Our results suggest that CgI kappa B2 expression would make a good starting point for further functional research and that it could be used in marker-assisted selection.
Published: 2014
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25. Development of TaqMan real-time PCR assays for monitoring Vibrio harveyi infection and a plasmid harbored by virulent strains in European abalone Haliotis tuberculata aquaculture

Author: Tristan Renault, A. Bidault-Toffin, Christine Paillard, David Schikorski, Delphine Tourbiez, Denis Saulnier, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie (LGP), Amélioration génétique, du contrôle des performances et de la santé des mollusques marins (AGSAE), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), European Project: 42540,SUDEVAB, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
Subjects: food.ingredient, Abalone, Virulence, Aquatic Science, Plasmid, law.invention, Microbiology, Molecular diagnostic, 03 medical and health sciences, food, law, Hemolymph, TaqMan, 14. Life underwater, Haliotis, Polymerase chain reaction, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Marine pathogen, biology, 030306 microbiology, Vibrio harveyi, fungi, biology.organism_classification, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, bacteria, Haliotis tuberculata, Real-time PCR
Abstract: International audience; The Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio harveyi is known to be highly pathogenic for the European abalone Haliotis tuberculata, which is a gastronomically important marine gastropod with a high commercial value. Since 1998, some particular bacterial strains are described as implicated in recurrent mortality outbreaks in French farm and field stocks of abalone. Recently, a 9.6 kb plasmid named pVCR1, was shown to be harbored by one highly V. harveyi virulent ORM4 strain suggesting its involvement in virulence phenotype. Thus, we have developed in the present study two TaqMan real-time PCR assays allowing to (i) rapidly and specifically detect, by a duplex procedure and in less than 2 h, both V. harveyi and the presence of plasmid pVCR1 from unidentified bacterial colony and to (ii) quantify both V. harveyi and the plasmid pVCR1 in the hemolymph of abalone or its surrounding seawater. Quantification curves of V. harveyi or ORM4 strain seeded in hemolymph or artificial sea water samples were equivalent showing excellent qPCR efficacies and detection level as low as 18 V. harveyi cell-equivalent genomic DNA in a PCR reaction well. This qPCR allowed us to monitor V. harveyi ORM4 strain in experimentally infected H. tuberculata. These diagnosis assays could provide powerful and useful tools to better understand the epidemiology of vibriosis caused by V. harveyi in different cultured marine species including H. tuberculata.
Published: 2013
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26. Managing mixed fisheries for bio-economic viability

Author: Claire Macher, Michel Bertignac, Luc Doyen, Olivier Thébaud, Olivier Guyader, Sophie Gourguet, Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer (AMURE), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conservation des espèces, Restauration et Suivi des Populations (CERSP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer (IFREMER), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Sciences et Technologies Halieutiques (STH)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Fishing, Fisheries, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Demersal zone, Hake, Nephrops norvegicus, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, biology, Co-viability, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Uncertainty, Merluccius merluccius, biology.organism_classification, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Bay of Biscay, Fishery, Sustainability, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Bio-economic model, Profitability index, Business, Fisheries management
Abstract: Full text: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00129/23999/22052.pdf (Version "auteur", 1.10 Mo); International audience; Management of fisheries for sustainability requires dealing with multiple and often conflicting objectives. A stochastic viability approach is proposed to address the trade-offs associated with balancing ecological, economic and social objectives in regulating mixed fisheries, taking into account the complexity and uncertainty of the dynamic interactions which characterize such fisheries. We focus on the demersal fishery in the Bay of Biscay and more specifically on the fleets harvesting Norway Lobster (Nephrops norvegicus), Hake (Merluccius merluccius) and Sole (Solea solea). A bio-economic multi-species and multi-fleet model with technical interactions is developed to examine the trade-offs between preserving Spawning Stock Biomass (SSB) of every species and maintaining the economic profitability of the various fishing fleets. Different management strategies are tested and compared. Results suggest that ensuring viability of this demersal fishery requires a significant decrease in fishing capacity as compared to the reference year. The simulations allow comparing the trade-offs associated with different allocations of this decrease across fleets.
Published: 2013
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27. Protein hydrolysates from yeast and pig blood as alternative raw materials in microdiets for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) larvae

Author: Rogelio Fabregat, Yannis Kotzamanis, Jose L. Zambonino-Infante, Ignacio Fernández, A. Skalli, Enric Gisbert, IRTA, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Departement Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Polígon Industrial Congost, and PROALAN
Subjects: Brush border, Phenylalanine, Tripeptide, Aquatic Science, Biology, Hydrolysate, 03 medical and health sciences, Digestive enzymes, Larvae, Valine, Sparus aurata, Food science, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Protein hydrolysate, Yeast, Amino acid, Skeletal deformities, chemistry, Biochemistry, Gilthead sea bream, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040102 fisheries, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Leucine
Abstract: In this study, we have evaluated the incorporation of two types of protein hydrolysates at 9 and 12% levels of inclusion, one from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, YPH) and another one from pig blood (PBPH), in microdiets for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurora) larvae, and compared these results to a microdiet containing fish protein hydrolysate and another group only fed with enriched live prey (rotifers and Artemia). The trial consisted in substituting up to 75% (wt/wt) the enriched Artemia with the experimental microdiets from 15 to 40 days post-hatch, whereas larvae were exclusively fed on microdiets from 40 to 55 dph. Protein hydrolysates used in the present study were obtained from different raw materials (yeast, pig blood and fish protein concentrate) and differed in their amino acid (AA) profile and in their molecular weight distribution. YPH and PBPH were mainly composed by free amino acids (FAA) (44%, MW
Published: 2012
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28. A stochastic viability approach to ecosystem-based fisheries management

Author: Christophe Béné, Spyros Fifas, Sophie Gourguet, Luc Doyen, Michel Bertignac, Olivier Thébaud, Vincent Martinet, Fabian Blanchard, Conservation des espèces, Restauration et Suivi des Populations (CERSP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer (AMURE), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Development Studies [Brighton] (IDS), University of Sussex, Economie Publique (ECO-PUB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, EconomiX, Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département des Ressources Biologiques et Environnement, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Ressources Biologiques et Environnement, Unité Sciences & Technolologies Halieutiques (RBE), Ifremer, Unité Biodiversité Halieutique de Guyane, Unité Biodiversité Halieutique de Guyane, Conservation des espèces, restauration et suivi des populations (CERSP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sciences et Technologies Halieutiques (STH), and Biodiversité Halieutique de Guyane (BIODIVHAL)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Economics and Econometrics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Fishing, Hake, 01 natural sciences, Profit (economics), Economics, 14. Life underwater, Stock (geology), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Ecosystem based fisheries management, Operationalization, biology, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Environmental resource management, Nephrops, Environmental economics, biology.organism_classification, Stochastic, Population viability analysis, Viability, Sustainability, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Fisheries management, business
Abstract: International audience; Academia and management agencies show a growing interest for ecosystem-based fishery management (EBFM). However, the way to operationalize this approach remains challenging. The present paper illustrates how the concepts of stochastic co-viability, which accounts for dynamic complexities, uncertainties, risk and sustainability constraints, can be useful for the implementation of EBFM. In the present case, this concept is used to identify fishing strategies that satisfy both ecological conservation and economic sustainability in a multi-species, multi-fleet context. Economic Viability Analysis (EVA) and the broader Co-Viability Analysis (CVA), are proposed to expand the usual Population Viability Analysis (PVA) and precautionary approach. An illustration is proposed, using data on the fisheries of Bay of Biscay (France) exploiting the stocks of nephrops and hake. Stochastic simulations show how CVA can guarantee both ecological (stock) and economic (profit) sustainability. Using 2008 as a baseline, the model is used to identify fishing efforts that ensure such co-viability. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2012
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29. Effects of Alexandrium minutum exposure upon physiological and hematological variables of diploid and triploid oysters, Crassostrea gigas

Author: Jeanne Moal, Christophe Lambert, Marielle Guéguen, Philippe Soudant, Patrick Lassus, Hansy Haberkorn, Nelly Le Goïc, Elena Palacios, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB), Laboratoire Phycotoxines, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Physiologie et Ecophysiologie des Mollusques Marins, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste [Mexico] (CONACYT-CIBNOR), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [Mexico] (CONACYT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Phycotoxines (PHYC), Dynamiques des Écosystèmes Côtiers (DYNECO), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Oyster, Hemocytes, Physiology, Alexandrium minutum, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 01 natural sciences, Oysters, Ploidy, Isochrysis, Mollusca, Cell Aggregation, harmful algal bloom, 0303 health sciences, biology, Monophenol Monooxygenase, ploidy, food and beverages, Pacific oyster, Dinoflagellida, Crassostrea, Seasons, animal structures, Zoology, PST accumulation, Aquatic Science, 03 medical and health sciences, Phagocytosis, biology.animal, Botany, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Shellfish, 030304 developmental biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, Bivalvia, biology.organism_classification, equipment and supplies, Ostreidae, Seafood, Harmful-algal bloom, physiology, bacteria, Marine Toxins, oysters, Reactive Oxygen Species, Digestive System, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: The effects of an artificial bloom of the toxin-producing dinoflagellate, Alexandrium minutum, upon physiological parameters of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, were assessed. Diploid and triploid oysters were exposed to cultured A. minutum and compared to control diploid and triploid oysters fed T. Isochrysis. Experiments were repeated twice, in April and mid-May 2007, to investigate effects of maturation stage on oyster responses to A. minutum exposure. Oyster maturation stage, Paralytic Shellfish Toxin (PST) accumulation, as well as several digestive gland and hematological variables, were assessed at the ends of the exposures. In both experiments, triploid oysters accumulated more PSTs (approximately twice) than diploid oysters. Significant differences, in terms of phenoloxidase activity (PO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of hemocytes, were observed between A. minutum-exposed and non-exposed oysters. PO in hemocytes was lower in oysters exposed to A. minutum than in control oysters in an early maturation stage (diploids and triploids in April experiment and triploids in May experiment), but this contrast was reversed in ripe oysters (diploids in May experiment). In the April experiment, granulocytes of oysters exposed to A. minutum produced more ROS than those of control oysters; however, in the May experiment, ROS production of granulocytes was lower in A. minutum-exposed oysters. Moreover, significant decreases in free fatty acid, monoacylglycerol, and diacylglycerol contents in digestive glands of oysters exposed to A. minutum were observed. Concurrently, the ratio of reserve lipids (triacylglycerol, ether glycerides and sterol esters) to structural lipids (sterols) decreased upon A. minutum exposure in both experiments. Also, several physiological responses to A. minutum exposure appeared to be modulated by maturation stage as well as ploidy of the oysters. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2010
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29 results on '"Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM)"'

1. Influence of the Organization of Actors in the Ecological Outcomes of Investment in Restoration of Biodiversity

2. Nutritional programming by dietary carbohydrates in European sea bass larvae: not always what expected at juvenile stage

3. A scientific name for Pacific oysters

4. Reconstructing physiological history from growth, a method to invert DEB models

5. What can the shell tell about the scallop? Using growth trajectories along latitudinal and bathymetric gradients to reconstruct physiological history with DEB theory

6. Understanding the mechanisms involved in the high sensitivity of Pecten maximus larvae to aeration

7. Sulfate minerals control dissolved rare earth element flux and Nd isotope signature of buoyant hydrothermal plume (EMSO-Azores, 37°N Mid-Atlantic Ridge)

8. Copper-binding ligands in the NE Pacific

9. Trophic flow structure of a neotropical estuary in northeastern Brazil and the comparison of ecosystem model indicators of estuaries

10. Diatom response to oceanographic and climatic changes in the Congo fan area, equatorial Atlantic Ocean, during the last 190ka BP

11. Building functional groups of marine benthic macroinvertebrates on the basis of general community assembly mechanisms

12. Establishment of microbiota in larval culture of Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas

13. Seasonal variation of sperm quality in Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas)

14. A new approach to determine the distributional effects of quota management in fisheries

15. Arctic in Rapid Transition: Priorities for the future of marine and coastal research in the Arctic

16. Aerial and underwater carbon metabolism of a Zostera noltii seagrass bed in the Banc d'Arguin, Mauritania

17. Marine habitats ecosystem service potential: A vulnerability approach in the Normand-Breton (Saint Malo) Gulf, France

18. Organic matter characterization and distribution in sediments of the terminal lobes of the Congo deep-sea fan: Evidence for the direct influence of the Congo River

19. A microarray-based analysis of oocyte quality in the European clam Ruditapes decussatus

20. Exposure to toxic Alexandrium minutum activates the detoxifying and antioxidant systems in gills of the oyster Crassostrea gigas

21. Assessment of oocyte and trochophore quality in Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas

22. Scallop larval survival from erythromycin treated broodstock after conditioning without sediment

23. Sequential resuspension of biofilm components (viruses, prokaryotes and protists) as measured by erodimetry experiments in the Brouage mudflat (French Atlantic coast)

24. Contrasted survival under field or controlled conditions displays associations between mRNA levels of candidate genes and response to OsHV-1 infection in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas

25. Development of TaqMan real-time PCR assays for monitoring Vibrio harveyi infection and a plasmid harbored by virulent strains in European abalone Haliotis tuberculata aquaculture

26. Managing mixed fisheries for bio-economic viability

27. Protein hydrolysates from yeast and pig blood as alternative raw materials in microdiets for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) larvae

28. A stochastic viability approach to ecosystem-based fisheries management

29. Effects of Alexandrium minutum exposure upon physiological and hematological variables of diploid and triploid oysters, Crassostrea gigas

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29 results on '"Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM)"'

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