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Objective: The purposes of the present study were to explore independent and interactive associations between night sleep duration, night sleep quality and coronary heart disease (CHD) based on a rural population in China., Methods: A total of 27,935 participants (11,177 men and 16,758 women) were investigated from the Henan Rural Cohort. Information about sleep was assessed by using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Restricted cubic splines and logistic regression were used to estimate the relationship between night sleep duration and quality with CHD., Result: Among the 27,935 participants, 1506 participants with CHD were identified. Compared with participants with scores lower than 3, the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of participants with score of 3-5, 6-8, ≥9 were respectively 1.42 (1.24-1.63), 1.99 (1.70-2.33), and 2.56 (2.13-3.08) with full adjustment of covariates. Compared with night sleep duration of 7 h, men and women who slept less than 5 h were 1.55 (1.11-2.17), 1.12 (0.59-2.12) and 1.80 (1.20-2.68), after being adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of the total. Moreover, the ORs and 95% CIs of CHD increased with the shortening of sleep duration at PSQI score above the highlighted levels., Conclusion: Poor sleep quality and short night sleep duration were all associated with CHD in Chinese rural areas. Moreover, the association was more obvious in women. In addition, the strongest prevalence of CHD was found in short sleepers with poor sleep quality., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and physical activity are linked to metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the joint effect of physical activity and ambient air pollution on MetS remains largely unknown in rural Chinese adult population., Methods: In this study, 39 089 individuals were included from the Henan Rural Cohort study that recruited 39 259 individuals at the baseline. Participants' exposure to air pollutants (including particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 1.0 µm (PM 1 ), ≤2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ), or ≤ 10 µm (PM 10 ) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 )) were evaluated by using a spatiotemporal model based on satellites data. Individuals were defined as MetS according to the recommendation of the Joint Interim Societies. Physical activity-metabolic equivalent (MET) was calculated based on the formula of MET coefficient of activity × duration (hour per time) × frequency (times per week). Generalized linear models were used to analyze the individual air pollutant or physical activity and their interaction on MetS. Interaction effects of individual air pollutant and physical activity on MetS were assessed by using Interaction plots which exhibited the estimated effect of physical activity on MetS as a function of individual air pollutant., Results: The prevalence of MetS was 30.8%. The adjusted odd ratio of MetS with a per 5 µg/m 3 increase in PM 1 , PM 2.5 , PM 10 , NO 2 or a 10 MET (hour/day) of physical activity increment was 1.251(1.199, 1.306), 1.424(1.360, 1.491), 1.228(1.203, 1.254), 1.408(1.363, 1.455) or 0.814(0.796, 0.833). The protective effect of physical activity on MetS was decreased with accompanying air pollutant concentrations increased., Conclusions: The results indicated that long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants related to increased risk of MetS and physical activity attenuated the effects of ambient air pollutants on increased risk for MetS., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)