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Mayaro virus (MAYV) has historically been associated with sylvatic transmission; however, urban outbreaks have been reported in Brazil, including cases of co-detection with dengue virus (DENV). Therefore, we performed a molecular survey to investigate MAYV circulation and cocirculation with DENV within Goiania, a major city in Central-West Brazil. Among 375 subjects with arbovirus-like symptoms, 259 were positive for DENV and 26 for MAYV. Of these, 17 were coinfected with DENV-2, suggesting co-transmission of the viruses. The most common complaints at the time of inclusion were myalgia, headache, fever, arthralgia, retro-orbital pain, and skin rash. No specific symptoms were associated with MAYV when either detected alone or co-detected with DENV, compared to that when DENV was detected alone. Most MAYV-infected subjects were women with no recent travel history to rural/sylvatic areas. Phylogenetic reconstruction indicated that the MAYV identified in this study is closely related with a lineage observed in Peru, belonging to genotype D. Our results corroborate the growing circulation of MAYV in urban environments in Brazil and reinforce the need to implement laboratory diagnosis in the Unified Health System, considering that the clinical manifestations of Mayaro fever are similar to those of other arboviruses, particularly dengue. Furthermore, most cases occurred in association with DENV-2. Further phylogenetic studies are needed to evaluate MAYV, which has not been widely examined., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

This study compared the effects of different weekly training frequencies on the cardiovascular and neuromuscular adaptations induced by concurrent training in previously trained elderly. After 20weeks of combined strength and endurance training, twenty-four healthy elderly men (65±4 years) were randomly placed into two frequency training groups: strength and endurance training performed twice a week (SE2, n=12); or, strength and endurance training performed three times per week (SE3, n=12). The interventions lasted 10 weeks and each group performed identical exercise intensity and volume per session. Before and after the exercise training, one maximum repetition test (1RM), isometric peak torque (PT), maximal surface electromyographic activity (EMG), as well as muscle thickness (MT) were examined. Additionally, peak oxygen uptake (VO(2peak)), maximum aerobic workload (W(max)), first and second ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2) were evaluated. There were significant increases in upper and lower-body 1RM, MT, VO(2peak), VT1 and VT2, with no differences between groups. There were no changes after training in maximal EMG and isometric peak torque. W(max) was improved only in SE3. After 10 weeks of training, twice weekly combined strength and endurance training leads to similar neuromuscular and cardiovascular adaptations as three times per week, demonstrating the efficiency of lower frequency of concurrent training in previously trained elderly men., (© 2013.)

Objective: HIV-infected individuals present a cluster of conditions that activate or injure the vascular endothelium. The administration of folates may exert beneficial effects on endothelial function in different populations at risk for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of 4 wk of folinic acid supplementation on forearm vascular responses during reactive hyperemia in HIV-infected patients under highly active antiretroviral therapy., Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to compare the effects of 4 wk of daily ingestion of 5 mg of folinic acid (n = 15) or placebo (n = 15). Participants had to have been on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for at least 6 mo before enrollment, with undetectable viral load, and CD4 cell count >200 cells/mm(3). Vascular function was evaluated with venous occlusion plethysmography at baseline and after 4 wk, for the determination of brachial artery reactive hyperemia, and after isosorbide dinitrate administration., Results: The groups were comparable. The mean age of patients was 45 y; there were eight women in each group. There was no difference regarding ART regimen. The supplementation of folinic acid produced a significant improvement in reactive hyperemia (from 14.9 to 21.2 mL•min•100 mL). The same was not observed in placebo group (from 15.3 to 14.6 mL•min•100 mL; group P, 0.017; time P < 0.001; interaction P < 0.001). Endothelium-independent responses remained unchanged., Conclusions: Short-term folinic acid supplementation improved vascular reactivity in HIV-infected individuals enrolled in the studied. As folate supplementation is safe and relatively inexpensive, long-term clinical trials should be conducted., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The inspiratory metaboreflex is activated during loaded breathing to task failure and induces sympathetic activation and peripheral vasoconstriction that may limit exercise performance. Inspiratory muscle training appears to attenuate the inspiratory metaboreflex in healthy subjects. Since whole body aerobic exercise training improves breathing endurance and inspiratory muscle strength, we hypothesized that endurance-trained individuals would demonstrate a blunted inspiratory muscle metaboreflex in comparison to sedentary individuals. We studied 9 runners (23±0.7 years; maximal oxygen uptake [VO2 max] = 53 ± 4 ml kg(-1) min(-1)) and 9 sedentary healthy volunteers (24±0.7 years; VO2 max = 37 ±2 ml kg(-1) min(-1)). The inspiratory muscle metaboreflex was induced by breathing against an inspiratory load of 60% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), with prolonged duty cycle. Arterial pressure, popliteal blood flow, and heart rate were measured throughout the protocol. Loaded breathing to task failure increased mean arterial pressure in both sedentary and endurance-trained individuals (96±3 to 100±4 mmHg and 101±3 to 110±5 mmHg). Popliteal blood flow decreased in sedentary but not in trained individuals (0.179±0.01 to 0.141±0.01 cm/s, and 0.211±0.02 to 0.214±0.02 cm/s). Similarly, popliteal vascular resistance increased in sedentary but not in trained individuals (559±35 to 757±56 mmHg s/cm, and 528±69 to 558±64 mmHg s/cm). These data demonstrate that endurance-trained individuals have an attenuated inspiratory muscle metaboreflex., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

We hypothesized that heart failure patients with inspiratory muscle weakness (IMW) present greater peripheral chemoreflex responsiveness and augmented exercise ventilatory oscillation compared to patients with preserved inspiratory muscle strength. We studied 19 heart failure patients: 9 with IMW (maximal inspiratory pressure [PImax]<70% of predicted) and 10 with preserved inspiratory muscle strength. Inspiratory muscle strength was measured via pressure transducer. Peripheral chemoreflex was evaluated by the single-breath CO(2) test. Exercise ventilatory oscillation was determined as the ratio between amplitude and mean of each oscillation during incremental exercise. Patients with IMW had greater peripheral chemoreflex response (0.11+/-0.03 l min(-1) Torr(-1)) than those with preserved inspiratory muscle strength (0.07+/-0.03 l min(-1) Torr(-1), p=0.02). Moreover, there was a significant and inverse correlation between PImax and peripheral chemoreflex response (r=-0.57, p=0.01). Likewise, there was a significant and inverse correlation between PImax and ventilatory oscillations (r=-0.46, p=0.04). Our findings indicate that IMW is linked to increased peripheral chemoreflex and augmented exercise ventilatory oscillation in patients with chronic heart failure., (Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) polymorphism -463 has been related to higher cardiovascular risk. This study was conducted to test whether the MPO promoter polymorphism -463A/G and MPO plasma levels are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) severity., Design and Methods: Patients submitted to elective coronariography were enrolled, CAD severity was assessed and blood samples collected to identify the MPO polymorphism and its plasma levels., Results: Genotypes were determined in 118 patients. Among these patients, 12 (10%) were homozygous for AA, 69 (58%) for GG and 37 (32%) were heterozygous. Mean MPO plasma levels were 8.6+/-4.7 ng/mL for AA, 8.6+/-7.0 ng/mL for AG and 9.4+/-5.6 ng/mL for GG genotypes. The CAD severity was not associated with MPO genotypes (p=0.43), however, patients with higher CAD score presented higher MPO levels (p=0.02)., Conclusion: We found no association between MPO polymorphism and CAD severity, although a relation was observed for MPO plasma levels and extension of CAD., (Copyright 2009. Published by Elsevier Inc.)