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Study Objectives: Hypothalamic amenorrhea is common in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with anorexia nervosa (AN), and ovarian reserve is not routinely assessed. AN increases rates of fertility problems, but how or when AN negatively influences future fertility is unclear. We sought to determine whether biomarkers of ovarian reserve were impacted in AYA with AN., Design: Cross-sectional study., Setting: Tertiary care center., Participants: Females with AN and amenorrhea (n = 97) at the pre-intervention visit of a clinical trial, n = 19 females without an eating disorder or menstrual dysfunction., Main Outcome Measures: Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations., Results: AMH levels were higher in AYA with AN than unaffected adolescents (4.7 vs. 3.2 ng/mL; P = .03). Neither FSH nor inhibin B differed between groups. In 19.6% of participants with AN, AMH levels were elevated above the normal range (>6.78 ng/mL). These subjects had a longer disease duration than those with normal AMH levels (9 vs. 3 mos; P = .03); age or degree of malnutrition did not differ between AN subjects with normal or elevated AMH., Conclusions: AMH levels appear to be normal or elevated in AYA with AN. Low AMH in a patient with AN should raise clinical concern regarding ovarian reserve, and should not be attributed to degree of malnutrition alone. Currently, AMH is not regularly assessed during routine AN clinical care. However, our findings suggest some clinical utility in identifying those patients with reduced ovarian reserve. Potential links between the hypothalamic amenorrhea suffered by patients with AN and PCOS should be explored., (Copyright © 2021 North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Study Objective: In this study we evaluated published studies about foster care to: (1) determine the types of data used; (2) describe the degree to which a sexual/reproductive health topic was addressed; and (3) describe the consent process., Design: Analysis of published literature., Setting: PubMed was searched using "foster care" for English articles published between January 1, 2017 and September 4, 2019., Participants: None., Interventions: None., Main Outcome Measures: Articles were coded into 4 data source categories: primary, secondary, peripheral, or perspective data. Articles with a primary data source were coded for participant ages: only 9 years old and younger, 10- to 17-year-olds (minor adolescents), and only 18 years old and older. Articles using a secondary data source were coded for the source of the data registry. All articles were coded for presence of a sexual/reproductive health outcome. The primary data articles that included minor adolescents were coded for the study topic and consent process., Results: Of the 176 articles about foster care, 72/176 (41%) used primary data, 53/176 (30%) used secondary data, and 51/176 (29%) used peripheral/perspective data. Forty-eight of the primary data articles included minor adolescents. Secondary data sources included few national research surveys. Sexual/reproductive health outcomes were measured in 17 articles, 4 of which used primary data. The consent process for minor adolescents varied and had no consistent pattern across studies., Conclusion: Research on best practices for consent processes and use of registries could be developed to increase research on sexual/reproductive health outcomes among adolescents in foster care., (Copyright © 2021 North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Missing data in substance use disorder (SUD) research pose a significant threat to internal validity. Participants terminate involvement or become less likely to attend intervention and research visits for many reasons, which should be addressed prior to becoming problematic. During a 9-month study targeting stimulant abuse, early dropouts and participant reported attendance barriers led to implementing a structured, pre-randomization protocol with participants about retention and solution-focused strategies (the "Fireside Chat"). Our aim is to outline this approach and present data on intervention participation and research visit attendance after implementation., Methods/design: STimulant Reduction using Dosed Exercise (STRIDE) was a two-arm, multisite randomized clinical trial testing treatment-as-usual for stimulant abuse/dependence augmented by Exercise or Health Education. For both groups, study intervention visits at the site were scheduled 3/week for 12weeks followed by 1/week for 24weeks. During The Chat, research staff thoroughly reviewed participants' expectations, and barriers and solutions to retention. Fifteen participants were randomized (to Exercise or Health Education) prior to and fourteen were randomized after Chat implementation. Intervention and monthly follow-up attendance (before and after implementation) were compared at the site (N=29) that developed and rigorously implemented The Chat., Results: Individuals who participated in The Chat (n=14) attended significantly more intervention visits during weeks 1-12 (p<0.001) and weeks 13-36 (p<0.05) and attended more research visits (p<0.001)., Discussion: Proactive discussion of expectations and barriers prior to randomization was associated with greater study attendance. SUD researchers should consider tailoring this approach to suit their needs. Further investigation is warranted., Competing Interests: Drs. Northrup, Walker, Rethorst, Warden, & Stotts declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) are sometimes hesitant to approve trauma-related research due to concerns that asking participants about traumatic experiences will induce extreme distress. Despite the growing empirical literature examining participants' reactions to trauma-related research, no quantitative reviews have been conducted. The present multilevel meta-analysis was undertaken to quantify: (1) how participants react to trauma-related research overall; (2) to what extent reactions to trauma-related research differ by participant characteristics, including personal history of trauma, PTSD symptoms, and gender; and (3) to what extent (a) type of traumatic experience and (b) mode of administration moderate these effects. Studies examining adult participants' reactions to trauma assessments in the context of research were included. Results from 73,959 participants across 70 samples suggest that although trauma-related research can lead to some immediate psychological distress, this distress is not extreme. This distress is greater for individuals with a trauma history or PTSD, particularly in studies involving interviews. However, individuals generally find research participation to be a positive experience and do not regret participation, regardless of trauma history or PTSD. There were no gender differences in reactions. Present findings, which suggest that trauma-related research can continue without harming participants, may help inform IRB decisions on trauma research., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)