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Increasing evidences suggested that insufficient radiofrequency ablation (RFA) can paradoxically promote tumor invasion and metastatic processes, while the effects of moderate hyperthermia on cancer progression are not well illustrated. Our present study confirmed moderate hyperthermia treatment can promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, which was evidenced by the results that moderate hyperthermia induced up regulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). Cellular studies indicated that moderate hyperthermia treatment can increase the mRNA and protein expression of IL-6 and IL-10, while not IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-22, VEGF, TGF-β, or TNF-α, in HCC cells. Silencing of IL-6, while not IL-10, attenuated moderate hyperthermia treatment induced proliferation and cell invasion. Furthermore, our data revealed the inhibition of NF-κB, while not ERK1/2 or PI3K/Akt, abolished moderate hyperthermia treatment induced production of IL-6. Collectively, our data showed that activation of NF-κB/IL-6 is involved in moderate hyperthermia treatment induced progression of HCC cells., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: To report our techniques and experience with retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureteroureterostomy (LUUS) for retrocaval ureter., Methods: Between January 2004 and September 2008, 7 male patients underwent retroperitoneal LUUS. A 3-port, balloon-dissecting, retroperitoneal approach was used. Follow-up studies were performed with intravenous urography and renal ultrasonography., Results: All operations were completed laparoscopically, and no open conversions were required. The mean operating time was 128.6 minutes (range 97-189) and the mean anastomosis time was 36 minutes, for all cases. The mean blood loss was 20 mL (range 15-50). None of the patients required blood transfusion. No intraoperative complications occurred. Hydronephrosis in all patients was decreased substantially after surgery., Conclusions: Our results have demonstrated that retroperitoneal LUUS is an excellent minimally invasive treatment option for a retrocaval ureter that can be accomplished reasonably quickly and safely.

Objectives: To determine whether the use of biopsy kits with 6 to 12 containers in which biopsies of the prostate are individually submitted and processed reduces the monthly rates of equivocal diagnoses., Methods: We searched our computer records for prostate needle biopsies submitted in 1 to 2 containers between July 1998 and June 2000 (group 1, 515 patients) and biopsies submitted individually in 6 to 12 containers between January 2001 and December 2002 (group 2, 933 patients). We analyzed the patient demographics and pathologic diagnoses between the two groups, including the rates of equivocal diagnoses, which included atypical gland suspicious for adenocarcinoma (ATYP) and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) with adjacent ATYP., Results: Group 2 had statistically significant reductions in the monthly rates of equivocal diagnosis (2.8% versus 6.0%, P = 0.003), ATYP diagnosis (1.8% versus 3.5%, P = 0.042), and PIN with adjacent ATYP diagnosis (1.0% versus 2.5%, P = 0.038). The differences in the monthly prostatic adenocarcinoma rates (36.9% versus 35.9%, P = 0.388) and high-grade PIN rates (13.5% versus 12.3%, P = 0.311) between the two study groups were not statistically significant., Conclusions: Multiple needle biopsies submitted in 1 to 2 containers tend to entangle and fragment and are difficult to embed in a single plane during processing. The resulting loss of tissue surface area makes a definitive diagnosis difficult on small foci of atypical glands, resulting in equivocal pathology reports. The results of our study indicate that individual submission and processing of prostate biopsies in 6 to 12 container kits reduces the monthly rates of equivocal diagnoses.