1. Periventricular leukomalacia: an important cause of visual and ocular motility dysfunction in children.
- Author
-
Jacobson LK and Dutton GN
- Subjects
- Brain pathology, Diagnosis, Differential, Eye Movements, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Leukomalacia, Periventricular diagnosis, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ocular Motility Disorders diagnosis, Optic Disk pathology, Prognosis, Vision Disorders diagnosis, Visual Acuity, Visual Fields, Leukomalacia, Periventricular complications, Ocular Motility Disorders etiology, Vision Disorders etiology
- Abstract
The immature visual system in infants born preterm is vulnerable to adverse events during the perinatal period. Periventricular leukomalacia affecting the optic radiation has now become the principal cause of visual impairment and dysfunction in children born prematurely. Visual dysfunction is characterized by delayed visual maturation, subnormal visual acuity, crowding, visual field defects, and visual perceptual-cognitive problems. Magnetic resonance imaging is the method of choice for diagnosing this brain lesion, which is associated with optic disk abnormalities, strabismus, nystagmus, and deficient visually guided eye movements. Children with periventricular leukomalacia may present to the ophthalmologist within a clinical spectrum from severe cerebral visual impairment in combination with cerebral palsy and mental retardation to only early-onset esotropia, normal intellectual level, and no cerebral palsy. Optimal educational and habilitational strategies need to be developed to meet the needs of this group of visually impaired children.
- Published
- 2000
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