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Background and Aims: Night-shift work disturbs sleep and is associated with poor health conditions among workers. We aimed to investigate the association between night-shift work and gambling among workers and the association between night-shift work and problem gambling in working and gambling participants., Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from an online survey conducted between February 6 and 27, 2023 in Japan. A total of 21,134 workers participated in this study, including 9,739 respondents who had gambled in the past year. We estimated the association between night-shift work and gambling among workers and the association between night-shift work and problem gambling among those who gambled at the survey. We defined problem gambling as a score ≥ 8 on the Problem Gambling Severity Index. All estimates were weighted using a nationally representative survey in Japan. We fitted multivariable weighted logistic regression models after adjusting for 14 confounders., Results: The weighted prevalence of gambling among non-night and night-shift workers was 42.1 % and 55.4 %, respectively. When focusing on workers gambling in the survey, the prevalence of problem gambling among non-night and night-shift workers was 8.8 % and 24.2 %, respectively. The weighted multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that night-shift work was associated with gambling participation among workers (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.39, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.25-1.53, p < 0.001). In addition, night-shift work was associated with problem gambling among those who gambled (aOR 1.94, 95 % CI 1.57-2.40, p < 0.001)., Conclusions: Night-shift work was associated with gambling among workers and with problem gambling among those who gambled., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: [TY received the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI grant (grant number: 21 K17228) and the National Cancer Center Research Grant (grant number: 2022-A-25), both of which are outside this work. RS received research grants from the Osake-no-Kagaku Foundation to develop a computerized questionnaire for treatment-seeking heavy drinkers. He also received speaker’s honoraria from Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., which manufacture therapeutic drugs for alcohol dependence. He works at CureApp Inc., which is developing a digital therapeutic app for alcohol dependence with funds from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED). SF received a research grant from the JSPS KAKENHI (grant number: 20 K18964), the KDDI Foundation, and the Pfizer Health Research Foundation outside this project. RO received the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI grant (grant number: 22 K17844) and speaker’s honoraria from Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., which manufactures therapeutic drugs for alcohol dependence. TN was supported by AMED (grant number 22ck0106778s0201) to construct the urbanization index. TT has been supported by the JSPS KAKENHI Grant (grant number: 21H04856) and the Health Labor Sciences Research Grants (grant number: 23FA1004), which aimed to clarify the social impact of heated tobacco product use. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.]., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To describe our en bloc technique of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) during retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma and evaluate perioperative outcomes., Methods: From 2002 to 2015, 114 patients with urinary tract urothelial carcinoma located at the pelvis or upper or middle ureter underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy at 2 institutions. Performance of RPLND began in February 2009. The template of RPLND included the renal hilar and para-aortic lymph nodes (left side) and the renal hilar, paracaval, retrocaval, and intra-aortocaval lymph nodes (right side). After incising Gerota fascia longitudinally, the aorta (left side) or inferior vena cava (right side) was exposed, and the lymphatic and surrounding fatty tissue in the template and kidney was dissected in a single monoblock. Preoperative data were compared between the RPLND and the no-RPLND groups using propensity score matching., Results: In total, 32 matched pairs were evaluated. RPLND was successfully accomplished without open conversion in all cases. The operative time in the RPLND group was approximately 100 minutes longer than that in the no-RPLND group, but there was no significant difference in the blood loss volume or complication rate. The pathologic stages were similar in both groups. The mean number of retrieved lymph nodes was 10.7 (range 3-27), and lymph node metastasis was detected in 5 (16%) cases., Conclusion: Retroperitoneoscopic en bloc RPLND permits complete and radical removal of the lymphatic tissue contained in the RPLND template. Our en bloc technique is a safe and feasible procedure with comparable blood loss and complication rates., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of plain radiography and ultrasonography, each as the sole imaging tool as well as combined, for detecting renal stones using unenhanced computed tomography as a standard reference. Ultrasonography and plain radiography of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder are often used for urinary tract stone detection, but the effectiveness of each method used alone, or the 2 methods used together, remains controversial., Materials and Methods: From January 2012 to September 2014, 822 patients underwent plain radiography, ultrasonography, and unenhanced computed tomography on the same day. The sensitivity and specificity of the 2 modalities to detect stones were evaluated. We compared the sizes of stones on plain radiography and ultrasonography with their size on unenhanced computed tomography., Results: Of 1644 kidneys, unenhanced computed tomography detected at least 1 stone in 994 kidneys. Ultrasonography and plain radiography detected at least 1 stone in 882 and 488 kidneys, yielding a sensitivity of 88.7% and 49.1% and a specificity of 68.3% and 99.1%, respectively. Of 488 stones detected by plain radiography, 476 stones were also detected by ultrasound, with a sensitivity of 89.9% and specificity of 68.1% for the combination of the 2 modalities. The detection rate for plain radiography for stones <5 mm was low. Stone sizes measured by the 2 modalities positively correlated with those obtained by computed tomography, and the concordance rate based on size was similar., Conclusion: Plain radiography is of limited value for detecting small renal stones <5 mm., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)