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Study Objective: In this study we sought to understand the predictors of a mother's decision (behavior) to vaccinate her daughter with the initial dose of the HPV vaccine., Design: This prospective, cross sectional study involved a convenience sample of 68 mother-daughter dyads recruited to test the hypothesis that the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) variables (attitudes toward vaccine, perception of others' opinions, and perceived difficulty in obtaining vaccine) would explain a mother's decision to consent for her daughter to receive the first dose of the HPV vaccine., Main Outcome Measures: Mothers and daughters independently completed survey instruments that measure the variables of the TPB (attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control). Instruments also included measures of parenting style and conflict., Results: The mother's intention to vaccinate was predicted by her attitude (β = .41, P < .001), subjective norms (β = .33, P = .002), and perceived behavioral control (β = .24, P = .005). The pathway connecting intention to the decision (yes or no) to vaccinate was significant (β = .41, P < .001). Squared multiple correlations for intention and decision, respectively, were .68 and .12. The mothers who chose to vaccinate their daughter did not differ on any of the demographic variables from those who chose not to vaccinate but had significantly different scores on attitude, subjective norms, and intention but not perceived behavioral control., Conclusions: The TPB model demonstrates potential influences on a mother's intention to choose to initiate the HPV vaccination series for her daughter. Influences of attitude, subjective norms and perceived control are potential targets for interventions and tailored social marketing to improve vaccine acceptance., (Copyright © 2013 North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)